Compositional effects on the fracture behaviour of alkali–silicate glasses
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Abstract:
The two‐point bend strength and the fracture toughness of a series of soda–potassia–silicate and soda–potassia–calcia–silicate glass fibres have been measured. There is a clear variation of mean strength with composition for the soda–potassia–silicate glasses, however, there is much less variation of mean strength with composition for the soda–potassia–calcia–silicate glasses. There is also a greater variation of fracture toughness with composition for the soda–potassia–silicate glasses than for the soda–potassia–calcia–silicate glasses. The mean strength, fracture toughness and inferred flaw sizes for the soda–potassia–calcia–silicate glasses are all less than the equivalent values for the soda–potassia–silicate glasses. These results are related to the structural models and durability of the glasses tested.Keywords:
Silicate glass
Silicate glass
Stoichiometry
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Silicate glasses show a wide range of responses to exposure to water or steam at high temperatures and pressure. The response patterns and the factors determining these patterns are discussed. The manner in which water is incorporated in the silicate glasses is elucidated by a study of the near infrared spectra and differential thermogravimetric analysis of hydrated glasses. Factors affecting relative amounts of tightly bonded and loosely bonded water are discussed.
Silicate glass
Thermogravimetric analysis
Differential thermal analysis
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The internal friction of simple alkali silicate glasses to which systematic alkaline‐earth oxide additions were made was investigated. These additions produced two significant results: (1) The two peaks previously reported in alkali silicate glasses were shifted to higher temperatures and decreased in height and (2) a third peak was found in some glasses which became more pronounced with increasing alkaline‐earth oxide content. Internal friction measurements of alkali‐free silicate and phosphate glasses also are described. In these glasses, peaks were present which closely resembled those found in glasses containing alkali.
Alkaline earth metal
Silicate glass
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The two‐point bend strength and the fracture toughness of a series of soda–potassia–silicate and soda–potassia–calcia–silicate glass fibres have been measured. There is a clear variation of mean strength with composition for the soda–potassia–silicate glasses, however, there is much less variation of mean strength with composition for the soda–potassia–calcia–silicate glasses. There is also a greater variation of fracture toughness with composition for the soda–potassia–silicate glasses than for the soda–potassia–calcia–silicate glasses. The mean strength, fracture toughness and inferred flaw sizes for the soda–potassia–calcia–silicate glasses are all less than the equivalent values for the soda–potassia–silicate glasses. These results are related to the structural models and durability of the glasses tested.
Silicate glass
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Silicate glass
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Information on the properties of liquid glass with the use of silica additives is given. It is shown that the addition of silica additives to a solution of liquid glass leads to an increase of silicate module. Formulations of silicate paints with the use of a sol silicate binder have been developed.
Silicate glass
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Glass compositions are correlated with published data for refractive index, specific volume, and fluidity, which indicate the presence of different structural types in silicate glasses. These structural types are shown to be uniquely related to the composition areas of primary crystallization phase fields. It is suggested that these different structural types are to be understood as silicate framework structures or “substructures” in which other appropriate cations may be accommodated. The described data relations definitely establish the presence of different recognizable substructures in silicate glasses but do not permit judgments on their detailed characteristics.
Silicate glass
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Understanding of the physical and chemical properties of silicate melts in terms of the molecular structures is a fundamental problem for geology, glass science and steel making process. In this paper, examples of recent applications of 17O, 29Si, 27Al NMR to silicate glasses and melts up to 1400°C are described to show problems and present level of understanding.
Silicate glass
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