Influence of maturation on anthropometry and body composition in Japanese junior high school students
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The purpose of this study was to examine maturity-related differences in anthropometry and body composition in Japanese youth within a single year.Two hundred and ten Japanese youth aged from 13 to 13.99 years participated in this study. Their maturity status was assessed using a self-assessment of stage of pubic hair development. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to estimate percent body fat and lean body mass (LBM). Muscle thickness of the anterior thigh, posterior lower leg and rectus abdominis muscles were measured by ultrasound.For boys, height, body weight, and LBM in less mature groups were lower than that in more mature groups. The maturity-related differences were still significant after adjusting for chronological age. On the other hand, muscle thickness values in the lower extremity and abdomen differed among the groups at different stages of pubic hair development, whereas there was no maturity-related difference in the relative values corrected by LBM, except for those thickness values measured at the abdomen. For girls, only the muscle thickness at the anterior thigh and muscle thickness relative to LBM1/3 at the posterior lower leg was significantly affected by maturity status, but significant maturity-related difference was not found after adjusting for chronological age.At least for Japanese boys and girls aged 13 years, maturity status affected body size in boys, but not in girls, and the influence of maturation on the muscularity of the lower extremity and trunk muscles is less in both sexes.Keywords:
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis
The research examined the efficacy of regional volumes of thigh ratios assessed by stereovision body imaging (SBI) as a predictor of visceral adipose tissue measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Body measurements obtained via SBI also were utilized to explore disparities of body size and shape in men and women.One hundred twenty-one participants were measured for total/regional body volumes and ratios via SBI and abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue areas by MRI.Thigh to torso and thigh to abdomen-hip volume ratios were the most reliable parameters to predict the accumulation of visceral adipose tissue depots compared to other body measurements. Thigh volume in relation to torso [odds ratios (OR) 0.44] and abdomen-hip (OR 0.41) volumes were negatively associated with increased risks of greater visceral adipose tissue depots, even after controlling for age, gender, and body mass index (BMI). Irrespective of BMI classification, men exhibited greater total body (80.95L vs. 72.41L), torso (39.26L vs. 34.13L), and abdomen-hip (29.01L vs. 25.85L) volumes than women. Women had higher thigh volumes (4.93L vs. 3.99L) and lower-body volume ratios [thigh to total body (0.07 vs. 0.05), thigh to torso (0.15 vs. 0.11), and thigh to abdomen-hip (0.20 vs. 0.15); P < 0.05].The unique parameters of the volumes of thigh in relation to torso and abdomen-hip, by SBI were highly effective in predicting visceral adipose tissue deposition. The SBI provided an efficient method for determining body size and shape in men and women via total and regional body volumes and ratios. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 27:445-457, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Objective We aimed to assess the effects of age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and anatomical site on skin thickness in children and adults with diabetes. Methods We studied 103 otherwise healthy children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes aged 5–19 years, and 140 adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes aged 20–85 years. The thicknesses of both the dermis and subcutis were assessed using ultrasound with a linear array transducer, on abdominal and thigh skin. Results There was an age-related thickening of both dermis (p<0.0001) and subcutis (p = 0.013) in children and adolescents. Girls displayed a substantial pubertal increase in subcutis of the thigh (+54%; p = 0.048) and abdomen (+68%; p = 0.009). Adults showed an age-related decrease in dermal (p = 0.021) and subcutis (p = 0.009) thicknesses. Pubertal girls had a thicker subcutis than pubertal boys in both thigh (16.7 vs 7.5 mm; p<0.0001) and abdomen (16.7 vs 8.8 mm; p<0.0001). Men had greater thigh dermal thickness than women (1.89 vs 1.65 mm; p = 0.003), while the subcutis was thicker in women in thigh (21.3 vs 17.9 mm; p = 0.012) and abdomen (17.7 vs 9.8 mm; p<0.0001). In boys, men, and women, both dermis and subcutis were thicker on the abdomen compared to thigh; in girls this was only so for dermal thickness. In both children and adults, the skin (dermis and subcutis) became steadily thicker with increasing BMI (p<0.0001). Conclusions Skin thickness is affected by age, pubertal status, gender, BMI, and anatomical site. Such differences may be important when considering appropriate sites for dermal/subcutaneous injections and other transdermal delivery systems.
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Background Studies have shown that higher body mass index (BMI) is associated with improved prognosis in heart failure (HF), and this is often termed the obesity paradox. Hypothesis Analysis of body composition may reveal that muscle mass rather than adipose tissue accounts for the obesity paradox. Methods Bioelectrical impedance analysis of body composition in 359 outpatients with HF was performed using an In Body 520 body composition scale (Biospace Inc., California). Body fat and lean mass were indexed by height (m 2 ). The cohort was stratified by median fat and lean mass indexed by height. Results The mean age of patients studied was 56 ± 14; mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 38 ± 16%. Patients with higher indexed body fat mass had improved 5‐year survival over patients with lower indexed body fat mass (90.2% vs 80.1%, P = 0.008). There was also improved survival in patients with high vs low indexed lean body mass (89.3% vs 80.9%, P = 0.036). On multivariable analysis, higher indexed body fat mass, but not lean body mass, was independently associated with improved survival (HR 0.89, per kg/m 2 increase in indexed body fat mass, P = 0.044); however, this was attenuated after adjustment for diabetes. The combination of low lean with low‐fat mass was independently associated with poor prognosis. Conclusions Our data suggest that higher fat mass—and to a lesser extent higher lean mass—is associated with improved outcomes in HF. Further investigations of specific components of body composition and outcomes in HF are warranted.
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The impact of hydration status on body composition analysis in hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients was assessed. Twenty-seven HD patients and 42 PD patients were divided into three groups according to their (postdialytic) hydration status as measured by segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA): normohydrated, dehydrated, or overhydrated. Fifty-six percent of the PD patients and 74% of the HD patients appeared to be normohydrated. Lean body mass (LBM) was calculated in all subjects from skinfold anthropometric (SA) measurements and from whole body BIA data. LBM-SA and LBM-BIA did not differ in normohydrated patients and correlated well with each other (r = 0.88). In overhydrated subjects BIA overestimated LBM compared to SA; in the dehydrated group BIA tended to underestimate LBM. The correlation between LBM-SA and LBM-BIA was poor in both groups. It can be concluded that hydration status has a major influence on BIA-based LBM measurements. Reliable LBM figures can only be obtained when patients are at their ideal dry weight.
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Although malnutrition poses a significant risk to the well-being of chronic hemodialysis patients, their nutritional assessment is usually empirical. We studied body composition by bioelectrical impedance (BEI) prospectively in 39 patients followed for 5-12 months. BEI correctly discriminated between underweight and overweight patients in terms of fat mass (21 +/- 5 vs. 34 +/- 10%; p = 0.002), lean body mass (78 +/- 4 vs. 67 +/- 10%; p = 0.004) and total body water (57 +/- 3 vs. 49 +/- 7%; p = 0.002), respectively. Serial body weights did not correlate with changes in lean body mass (LBM) as measured by BEI. While 28% of patients lost weight, 41% lost LBM. Most striking is the contrast between the patients who showed no change in LBM by BEI and those whose body weight remained neutral (3 vs. 28%). BEI is a most sensitive clinical tool for assessing changes in LBM in hemodialysis patients.
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The purpose of this study was to compare selected parameters of body composition obtained with two different methods in karate athletes. A cross sectional study was conducted in 23 male karate athletes, mean age 19.78 3.63years. Matiegka protocol (MAT), which is a classic anthropometric method, and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), which is a modern technique, were used to estimate body composition. Body fat percentage obtained by MAT (14.83 1.78%) was statistically insignificantly higher than body fat mass obtained by bioelectrical impedance (13.75 5.31 %). Body fat mass obtained with both methods was also insignificantly different (MAT vs BIA: 11.72 2.8 kg vs 11.14 5.8 kg). Matiegka’s lean body mass (LBM=66.76 10.63 kg) was insignificantly different from BIA’s corresponding parameters: fat-free mass, FFM= 69.24 9.59 kg and soft lean mass, SLM = 65.339.01 kg. The mean value of the muscle mass obtained by MAT (43.18 7.26 kg) was significantly higher than the mean value of the skeletal mass obtained by BIA (38.52 5.69 kg). The fat mass and body fat percentage obtained with both methods could be used interchangeably in body composition analysis. The lean body mass parameter, estimated by Matiegka, and FatFree Mass and Soft Lean Mass, determined by BIA, are also comparable.
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Authors of article have recently analyzed the dynamic of body composition of patients with cardiovascular diseases and obesity by bioelectrical impedance analysis. It was found a difference of body composition in different groups of patients.
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Abstract Subcutaneous (sc) rather than intravenous administration of bortezomib ( B or) is becoming more common for treating multiple myeloma ( MM ) because sc B or results in lower incidence and severity of peripheral neuropathy and has equivalent efficacy. B or is an irritant cytotoxic agent when it leaks out; therefore, it is recommended that injections of sc B or should be rotated among eight different sites on the abdomen and thigh. However, detailed information about injection site reaction ( ISR ) has not been sufficiently documented. We retrospectively analyzed the incidence and severity of ISR following sc B or administration in 15 Japanese patients with MM . Grade 1 ISR occurred following 40 of 158 (25.3%) sc B or injections in ten patients, whereas grade 2 ISR s occurred following seven injections (4.4%) in five patients. Five patients did not develop ISR . Of note, grade 2 ISR was documented in 6 of 65 (9.2%) thigh injections but only in 1 of 93 (1.1%) abdominal injections. These data show that grade 2 ISR s were more common in the thigh compared with the abdomen possibly because the thigh contains lesser adipose tissue than the abdomen. Grade 2 ISR s resolved without any sequela within a median of 7 d. sc B or administration on the abdomen instead of the thigh should be considered, especially for emaciated patients, because ISR rapidly resolves within the interval before the next injection even if it occurs.
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