Draft genome sequence of Arthrospira platensis C1 (PCC9438)
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Abstract:
Arthrospira platensis is a cyanobacterium that is extensively cultivated outdoors on a large commercial scale for consumption as a food for humans and animals. It can be grown in monoculture under highly alkaline conditions, making it attractive for industrial production. Here we describe the complete genome sequence of A. platensis C1 strain and its annotation. The A. platensis C1 genome contains 6,089,210 bp including 6,108 protein-coding genes and 45 RNA genes, and no plasmids. The genome information has been used for further comparative analysis, particularly of metabolic pathways, photosynthetic efficiency and barriers to gene transfer.Keywords:
Arthrospira
Spirulina (dietary supplement)
Folin procedure and ninhydrin method were adopted to determine the contents of soluble proteins and free amino acids in the cellular extravasations of Spirulina (Arthrospira) platensis (S_1) only found in the natron lakes of the Ordos Plateau,introduced S. (A.) platensis (S_2) and S. (A.) maxima (S_3) .The results showed that the lower the treating temperature was and the longer the treating time lasted,the higher the contents of soluble protein and free amino acids in the cellular extravasation of Spirulina (Arthrospira) would become.S_1 suffered the least membrane damage,which indicated that it had a stronger frost resistance than S_2 and S_3.The damage of low temperature to Spirulina (Arthrospira) membrane that was evaluated according to soluble proteins would be closer to its ;ractical damage than that according to free amino acids.
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Background and Objective: Spirulina contains two types of biliproteins, i.e., C-phycocyanin and allophycocyanin.In this current in vivo study, phycocyaninʼs antitumor impact was examined following its administration by gavage feeding to BALB/c mice with Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT).Materials and Methods: Phycocyanin was administered to three different experimental groups, treatment, control and prophylaxis in different concentrations and the antitumor activity in each group was detected in terms of a dosage effect.Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 21 software, with the results expressed either as standard deviation or percentage.Results: Total antioxidant level (TAL) of the prophylaxis group was found to be statistically significant compared with the control group.When the prophylaxis groups were statistically compared with each other, a significant increase was observed in the values as the dose increased, while a statistically significant difference was found in terms of antioxidant activity between the prophylaxis group 1, which was administered the lowest phycocyanin dose and the prophylaxis group 4, which was administered the highest phycocyanin dose.When the TAL, total oxidant level (TOL), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) values of the treatment groups were statistically compared with the control group 2, it was detected that treatment group 4 had the highest TAL value, with a statistical significance.Conclusion: In the pathological evaluations, the highest dose of phycocyanin was found to be effective against EAT in both treatment and prophylaxis groups.
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Spirulina is an algae that grow in fresh and sea water and itself known to the human community with its unique Neutraceuticals properties, generally produced from the species named Arthrospira platensis, and Arthrospira maxima. Arthrospira species were cultivated throughout the world to fulfil the need of human dietary supplementation. An experimental study was planned to know the effect of spirulina supplementation on serum biochemical profile of Wistar albino rats as model study. Test results clearly denoted that diet planned with spirulina fed rats showed better serobiochemical profile when compared with stock diet and rice based diet. The protein and albumin values were significantly higher in spirulina fed rats. Feed consumption rate is very low in spirulina diet but gained more weight when compared to stock and rice diets, this might be due to high biological value protein in spirulina.
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The samples of Spirulina (Arthrospira) platensis from different habitats were analyzed by the RAPD. The result shows that there are obvious differences in the molecular level between the Spirulina (Ar- throspira) platensis from alkaline lakes in Erdos Plateau and the one from Chad Lake, and the homology of DNA in the amplified polymorphism of the Spirulina (Arthrospira) platensis only reaches 48.23%. The dif- ferent habitats and geographical isolation are the primary reasons for the above-mentioned result.
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In this study, Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis was cultivated under laboratory conditions at 30 ± 1 °C and 80 µmol.m-²s-1 illumination. Intensive cultivation of Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis was carried out in 250 mL, 500 mL and 2 L flasks, and 10 L and 20 L carboys. Zarrouk Medium was used as a nutrient medium. Constant aeration also applied in the 2 L flasks and the carboys. According to the optical density results, continually increase in the biomass yields of Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis observed until the 24th day of the cultivation period. During the experiment, water temperature was recorded as 29.89 ± 0.45 °C, PH 10.88 ± 0.87, oxygen level of 10.18 ± 2.67 mg/L. Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis has a wide range of pigments, including chlorophyll a, total carotenoids and phycobiliproteins (protein-rich phycocyanin and phycoerythrin). The primary potential of these pigments seems to be their use as natural dyes, but a growing number of studies have also shown that the functional properties of these pigments related to health benefits and wide pharmaceutical applications. During the cultivation of Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis, chlorophyll a, total carotene, phycocyanin and phycoerythrin production were determined daily by using spectrophotometric methods. The study results showed that the amount of chlorophyll a increased until the 29th day when the amount of β carotene increased until the 14th day. The highest chlorophyll a was 5.46 ± 0.57 mg/gon the 22nd day, the highest total carotene was 1.82 ± 0.25 mg/g on the 7th day. On the 14th day of the experiment, the amount of phycocyanin was 172.85 ± 7.35 mg/g and the amount of phycoerythrin was 75.54 ± 4.98 mg/g.
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