Unusual Case of Calculus in Floor of Mouth: A Case Report
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Calculus consists of mineralized bacterial plaque that forms on the surfaces of natural teeth. It is supragingival or subgingival depending upon its relation with gingival margin. The two most common locations for supragingival calculus are the buccal surfaces of maxillary molars and lingual surfaces of mandibular anterior teeth. It is very important to rule out the predisposing factor for calculus formation. In the present case of an 11-year- old female child, 1.2 × 1.5 cm large indurated mass suggestive of calculus in the left side of floor of mouth was observed. After surgical removal, along with indurated mass, an embedded root fragment was seen. Biochemical analysis of the specimen detected the calcium and phosphate ions approximately equals to the level in calculus. Thus, we diagnosed it as a calculus. Oral hygiene instructions and regular follow-up was advised. How to cite this article: Bahadure RN, Thosar N, Jain ES. Unusual Case of Calculus in Floor of Mouth: A Case Report. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2012;5(3):223-225.Keywords:
Gingival margin
Calculus consists of mineralized bacterial plaque that forms on the surfaces of natural teeth. It is supragingival or subgingival depending upon its relation with gingival margin. The two most common locations for supragingival calculus are the buccal surfaces of maxillary molars and lingual surfaces of mandibular anterior teeth. It is very important to rule out the predisposing factor for calculus formation. In the present case of an 11-year- old female child, 1.2 × 1.5 cm large indurated mass suggestive of calculus in the left side of floor of mouth was observed. After surgical removal, along with indurated mass, an embedded root fragment was seen. Biochemical analysis of the specimen detected the calcium and phosphate ions approximately equals to the level in calculus. Thus, we diagnosed it as a calculus. Oral hygiene instructions and regular follow-up was advised. How to cite this article: Bahadure RN, Thosar N, Jain ES. Unusual Case of Calculus in Floor of Mouth: A Case Report. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2012;5(3):223-225.
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Abstract This paper describes a retrospective study in which the gingival and periodontal status was assessed at crowned and natural teeth. 510 crowned teeth and 510 natural teeth in 109 subjects were examined. The time elapsed between active therapy and the clinical examination was: (i) 1 to 3 years for 270 teeth; (ii) 3 to 5 years for 168 teeth; (iii) 6 to 9 years for 72 teeth. 90% of the patients were on a recall schedule that required prophylaxis once every 3 months; 8% returned every 6 months and 2% once a month. Plaque index and gingival index were assessed at 4 sites per tooth and pocket depth at 6 sites per tooth, the highest reading per tooth being used for the statistical analysis. The results indicated that there was no difference in plaque and gingival indices between crowned and natural teeth. In addition, the gingival status of the crowned teeth was good, irrespective of the position of the crown margin (subgingival, at the gingival margin or supragingival).
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The purpose of this investigation was to examine the long-term relationship between dental restorations and periodontal health.The data derived from a 26-year longitudinal study of a group of Scandinavian middle-class males characterized by good to moderate oral hygiene and regular dental check-ups. At each of 7 examinations between 1969 and 1995, the mesial and buccal surfaces were scored for dental, restorative and periodontal parameters. The mesial sites of premolars and molars of 160 participants were observed during 26 years (1969-1995). A control group with 615 sound surfaces or filling margins located more than 1 mm from the gingival margin in all 7 surveys was compared with a test cohort with 98 surfaces which were sound or had filling margins located more than 1 mm from the gingival margin at baseline (1969) and had a subgingival filling margin 2 years after (1971).The study confirmed the long held concept that restorations placed below the gingival margin are detrimental to gingival and periodontal health. In addition, this study suggests that the increased loss of attachment found in teeth with subgingival restorations started slowly and could be detected clinically 1 to 3 years after the fabrication and placement of the restorations. A subsequent "burn-out" effect was suggested.
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The objective of this study was to compare the marginal leakage of cervical restorations made using alternative restorative treatment (ART) and conventional glass ionomer restorations.Sixteen permanent maxillary and mandibular first and second molars extracted for periodontal reasons with Class V carious dentin on the buccal surfaces were prepared using ART while a second set of 29 noncarious molars had Class V preparations made with a high-speed handpiece. The occlusal margin was located in the enamel, and the gingival margin was located in the dentin/cementum. All teeth were restored with glass ionomer cement (GIC). The teeth were thermally stressed for 300 cycles and stained with methylene blue. Samples were sectioned and evaluated for microleakage.One-way analysis of variance on ranks revealed no significant difference in leakage at both the dentin and enamel margins between the conventional and ART groups. The microleakage at the dentin margin, however, was significantly greater (P < .001) than at the enamel margins in the conventional group.Alternative restorative treatment with GIC provides enamel and dentin margins that show comparable marginal leakage to conventionally restored permanent teeth. For the conventional restorations, leakage at the dentin margins occurs to a significantly higher extent than at the enamel margins.
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abstract — The purpose of this study was to test the retention as well as the caries reduction potential of a fissure sealant under Finnish dietary conditions. The 150 children who served as subjects were selected on the basis of having at least one pair of sound permanent molars. Two hundred first molars, 43 premolars and 119 primary molars were sealed, while the respective tooth from the other side of the jaw was left untreated and used as the control. The findings after 6 months revealed that all 362 sealants persisted. Among the sealants of the first permanent molars, 99% were in excellent condition. All sealants of the permanent premolars and of the primary molars were excellent. Among the permanent control molars 43 (22%) showed carious fissures while among the sealed permanent molars, only 3 (1.5%) had carious fissures. This gives a 93% reduction of the fissure caries. Both the control and the sealed premolars were all sound. None of the sealed primary molars were decayed compared to 7.6% decayed on the control side.
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The aim of the present study was to compare, clinically and radiographically,
the mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) to formocresol (FC) when used as
medicaments in pulpotomized vital human primary molars. METHODS: The
sample consisted of 120 primary molars, all teeth were treated with the same
conventional pulpotomy technique. Sixty molars received FC and 60
received MTA throughout a random selection technique. RESULTS: At the
end of 24-month evaluation period, 74 molars (36 FC, 38 MTA) were
available for clinical and radiographic evaluation. None of the MTA treated
teeth showed any clinical or radiographic pathology, while the FC group
showed a success rate of 86.8% radiographically and 98.6% clinically. The
difference between the two groups in the radiographic outcomes was
statistically significant. It was concluded that MTA treated molars
demonstrated significantly greater success. MTA seems to be a suitable
replacement for formocresol in pulpotomized primary teeth.
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Abstract The present study compares visible‐light Delton with Duraphat fluoride varnish for the prevention of occlusal caries in permanent first molars. A clinical trial was carried out in three groups of 6–8‐yr‐old schoolchildren: a sealant group (100 children), in which Delton light‐polymerized fissure sealant was applied to permanent first molars; a varnish group (98 children), in which Duraphat was applied to permanent first molars; and a control group (116 children). Replacement (sealant) and reapplication (varnish) was carried out every 6 months. Percent effectiveness at 24 months (percentage of saving from caries taking molars as analysis unit) for those molars initially healthy and with complete occlusal eruption was analyzed. 272, 252 and 238 molars met the inclusion criteria in the control, varnish and sealant groups, respectively. Of these, 45.2%, 28.2% and 10.5% developed caries after 24 months. The effectiveness was greater in the sealed molars than in the varnished molars (62.7%i).
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A clinical trial has investigated the occlusal caries experience of permanent molars and premolars, following the apparent loss of occlusal sealants applied by dental students, in comparison with that of unsealed teeth erupted for time periods similar to the sealant evaluation periods. Complete retention at one, two and three years was relatively poor. Throughout the study, premolars were superior to molars in fully retaining sealants. Regardless of the clinical condition of the sealant, a statistically significant reduction in occlusal caries-experience of sealed teeth was seen in comparison with control teeth. This relative reduction was highest at one year: 72 percent for molars and 83 percent for premolars, dropping at three years to 23 percent for molars and 64 percent for premolars. At one year, molar sealant failures showed a statistically significant, relative reduction of 41 percent in occlusal caries-experience over control teeth, suggesting as ongoing caries-inhibitory effect. Thereafter, the history of a failed sealant neither enhanced nor reduced the occlusal caries susceptibility of molars, and premolars over that of control teeth.
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Abstract Aim: The purpose of this investigation was to examine the long‐term relationship between dental restorations and periodontal health. Material and Methods: The data derived from a 26‐year longitudinal study of a group of Scandinavian middle‐class males characterized by good to moderate oral hygiene and regular dental check‐ups. At each of 7 examinations between 1969 and 1995, the mesial and buccal surfaces were scored for dental, restorative and periodontal parameters. The mesial sites of premolars and molars of 160 participants were observed during 26 years (1969–1995). A control group with 615 sound surfaces or filling margins located more than 1 mm from the gingival margin in all 7 surveys was compared with a test cohort with 98 surfaces which were sound or had filling margins located more than 1 mm from the gingival margin at baseline (1969) and had a subgingival filling margin 2 years after (1971). Results and conclusions: The study confirmed the long held concept that restorations placed below the gingival margin are detrimental to gingival and periodontal health. In addition, this study suggests that the increased loss of attachment found in teeth with subgingival restorations started slowly and could be detected clinically 1 to 3 years after the fabrication and placement of the restorations. A subsequent “burn‐out” effect was suggested.
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