Definitions of jitter measurement terms and relationships
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Different jitters terms are widely used for jitter characterization, -edge jitter, cycle-to-cycle jitter, period jitter are just a few of them. These jitter conventions have been studied in many publications considering jitter measurements, but they lack a common mathematical basis which should include both - the relations of these terms with jitter spectrum typical for measurement practice, and some jitter conversions which time domain measurement instruments (TDI) depend on for instrument performance and synchronization. We generalize the common theoretical basis, which establishes the dependencies between different jitter terms and jitter spectrum. We demonstrate and explain some effects of typical jitter term measurements observed in measurement practice. The obtained results are important for correct jitter measurements and specifications in clock, SOC, communication, ATE, high-speed digital test, etcDetector jitter, the random delay from the time a photon is incident on a single-photon-counting detector (SPD) to the time an electrical pulse is produced in response to that photon, is characterized for a number of SPDs. The jitter is modeled as a weighted sum of Gaussians. The performance in detector jitter is measured by determining the capacity of a communications channel utilizing a given detector. It is observed that the loss, measured as the ratio of the signal power required to achieve a specified capacity in the presence of jitter to that in the absence of jitter, goes as the square of the normalized jitter standard deviation (the standard deviation of the jitter in slotwidths). The loss is small when the normalized jitter is less than one, and becomes significant beyond that point. This loss must be taken into account when evaluating detectors for very high throughput channels.
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The paper describes the mechanism of Agilent 3458A sampling time jitter present when external triggering is used at synchronous two channel sampling. Based on measurements it is shown that the master DMM adds approximately 3.2 ns of its own time jitter while triggering the slave DMM and that the effective time jitter for externally triggered DMM remains at 7 ns, well below ±50 ns maximum jitter as specified by manufacturer.
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This paper presents a hardware jitter expansion technique to enable high-resolution jitter measurement of multi-GHz digital signals. To realize high-resolution timing analysis, the jitter is reconstructed on a low-speed signal and jitter measurements are made on this signal instead of the original high-speed signal. The reconstructed jitter on the low-speed signal occurs on a proportionately larger time-scale as opposed to the original jitter on the high-speed signal. Consequently, the jitter on the low-speed signal can be measured easily using conventional jitter measurement techniques and mapped back to its corresponding value relative to the high-speed signal. The approach allows one or two orders of magnitude smaller jitter values to be measured than standard jitter measurement techniques available today. The proposed hardware is easily implemented as a front-end to any existing jitter measurement system. Simulation data and hardware measurements are presented to prove the viability of the proposed scheme.
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Білім берy қоғaмның экономикaлық дaмyының негізі, әлеyметтік тұрaқтылықтың фaкторлaрының бірі, хaлықтың рyхaни-aдaмгершілік әлеyетінің және интеллектyaлдық өсyінің қaйнaр көзі ретінде бaрлық yaқыттaрдa тaптырмaс құндылық болып есептеліп келеді. Aл қaзіргідей aдaм кaпитaлын қaлыптaстырy мен дaмытy мәселесін шешy негізгі міндет ретінде қaрaстырылaтын зaмaндa хaлықтың білімдік қaжеттіліктері өсіп, жоғaры, ортa aрнayлы, кәсіби қосымшa білім aлyғa үміткерлер сaны aртa түсyде. Бұғaн жayaп ретінде білім берy ұйымдaрының сaлaлaнyы aртып, әртүрлі типтегі оқy орындaрының сaны aртyдa, білім берyдің инфрaқұрылымы, бaсқaрy формaлaры, әдістемелік, ғылыми қызмет түрлері дaмyдa. Олaрды білім aлyшылaрдың жеке сұрaныстaры мен мүмкіндіктеріне бaғыттay күшейтілyде. Осығaн орaй білімнің сaпaсынa қойылaтын тaлaптaр aртып, бұл сaлaның әлеyметпен өзaрa әрекеттестігіне негізделген құрылымдық – қызметтік дaмyының көкейтестілігі aртyдa. Мaқaлaдa «серіктестік», «әлеyметтік серіктестік», «білімдегі әлеyметтік серіктестік» ұғым- дaрының мәні aшылып, олaрдың қaлыптaсy және дaмy үрдісіне шолy жaсaлaды, жоғaры оқy орындaрындa педaгогтaрды дaярлayдa әлеyметтік серіктестердің әлеyетін пaйдaлaнyдa бaсшылыққa aлынaтын ұстaнымдaр мен тиімді жолдaры сипaттaлaды. Түйін сөздер: серіктестік, әлеyметтік серіктестік, білімдегі әлеyметтік серіктестік, бірлескен әрекет ұстaнымдaры, әлеуметтік серіктестік әлеуеті. Обрaзовaние является основой экономического рaзвития обществa, одним из фaкторов социaль- ной стaбильности, источником дyховно-нрaвственного потенциaлa и интеллектyaльного ростa людей и во все временa считaлось незaменимой ценностью. И в нaстоящее время, когдa решение проблемы формировaния и рaзвития человеческого кaпитaлa рaссмaтривaется кaк основнaя зaдaчa, рaстyт обрaзовaтельные потребности людей, yвеличивaется количество желaющих полyчить высшее, среднее, специaльное, профессионaльное дополнительное обрaзовaние. В ответ нa это yсиливaется рaзветвленность обрaзовaтельных оргaнизaций, yвеличивaется количество обрaзовaтельных оргaни- зaций рaзличного типa, рaзвивaются инфрaстрyктyрa обрaзовaния, формы yпрaвления, методическaя и нayчнaя деятельность. Yсиливaется их ориентaция нa индивидyaльные потребности и возможности обyчaющихся. В связи с этим повышaются требовaния к кaчествy обрaзовaния, возрaстaет знaчение стрyктyрно-фyнкционaльного рaзвития этой сферы нa основе взaимодействия с обществом. В стaтье рaскрывaется знaчение понятий «пaртнерство», «социaльное пaртнерство», «социaльное пaртнерство в обрaзовaнии», рaссмaтривaется процесс их стaновления и рaзвития, описывaются рyко- водящие принципы и эффективные способы использовaния потенциaлa социaльных пaртнеров в подготовке педaгогических кaдров в высших yчебных зaведениях. Ключевые словa: партнерство, социaльное пaртнерство, социaльное пaртнерство в обрaзовaнии, принципы совместного действия, поненциал социального партнерство. Education is the basis of the economic development of society, one of the factors of social stability, a source of spiritual and moral potential and intellectual growth of people and has always been considered an irreplaceable value. And at the present time, when the solution of the problem of the formation and development of human capital is considered as the main task, the educational needs of people are growing, the number of people wishing to receive higher, secondary, special, professional additional education is increasing. In response to this, the branching of educational organizations is increasing, the number of educational organizations of various types is increasing, the infrastructure of education, forms of management, methodological and scientific activities are developing. Their focus on the individual needs and capabilities of students is increasing. In this regard, the requirements for the quality of education are increasing, the importance of the structural and functional development of this sphere on the basis of interaction with society is increasing. The article reveals the meaning of the concepts of "partnership", "social partnership", "social partnership in education", examines the process of their formation and development, describes the guidelines and effective ways to use the potential of social partners in the training of teachers in higher educational institutions. Keywords: partnership, social partnership, social partnership in education, principles of joint action, the potential of social partnership.
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Jitter Measurement is an important part of High Speed test. With customer's test requirement rapidly growing, result only include RJ and DJ is not acceptable. The solution of test specific kinds of jitter (such as DDJ, DCD, ISI...) to verify the IC transform performance is strongly demanded by customers. So far, the industry of existing jitter measurement method include strobe method and Time-stamp method on TMU. However, the limitations are either complex or just measure several types of jitter. An industry leading solution of high accuracy jitter measurement by TMU directly sampling with new PRBS pattern reconstruction method is proposed in this paper. All types of jitter can be skillfully tested with the condition of no cost increase.
Pseudorandom binary sequence
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Different jitters terms are widely used for jitter characterization, -edge jitter, cycle-to-cycle jitter, period jitter are just a few of them. These jitter conventions have been studied in many publications considering jitter measurements, but they lack a common mathematical basis which should include both - the relations of these terms with jitter spectrum typical for measurement practice, and some jitter conversions which time domain measurement instruments (TDI) depend on for instrument performance and synchronization. We generalize the common theoretical basis, which establishes the dependencies between different jitter terms and jitter spectrum. We demonstrate and explain some effects of typical jitter term measurements observed in measurement practice. The obtained results are important for correct jitter measurements and specifications in clock, SOC, communication, ATE, high-speed digital test, etc
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Timing jitter, period jitter, long term jitter, jitter spectrum, SSB phase noise, etc. are terms that have been used to describe various aspects of jitter phenomena. While several jitter measurement techniques have been proposed with associated jitter models and modeling techniques, the relationship among various jitter aspects, and therefore, the relationship among various jitter measurement techniques is not very obvious. This paper analytically clarifies their relationship, and reviews several jitter measurement techniques based on the results of our analytical studies.
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Non-repeatable positioning of transitions in the media (jitter) is one of the primary limiting factors in achieving higher linear density in magnetic recording. In a typical magnetic recording system, the primary sources of jitter are due to the finite grain size and the switching field distribution of the grains in the media. These contributions to jitter are generally referred to as the "written-in" contributions [1] . However, if the system that delivers the write field to the media itself has jitter, as all real-world systems will, then this "timing jitter" will also contribute to the total written-in jitter.
Recording media
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Patterned media
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