CDMA cellular architecture, for army tactical communications
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This paper explores enhancements to the MSE (mobile subscriber equipment) mobile services by adding commercial CDMA cellular terminals (based on the IS-95 standard), base stations and mobile telephone switching offices (MTSO). Three alternative architectures for distributed cellular control of IS-95 CDMA were compared in terms of cost and MSE network utilization. The three alternatives are: 1) remoted MTSO; 2) hybrid MTSO; and 3) fully distributed MTSO. Network performance for each of these alternatives was modeled using COMNET III. Each architecture approach was also demonstrated in a laboratory environment.Keywords:
Cellular radio
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Mobile telephone
There are three parts to a cellular phone system: the cellular telephone, or cellphone; the cell site, which receives and transmits radio signals from and to your phone; and the MSC, or Mobile Switching Center, which links cellphones to established conventional telephone services. The relationship among these is illustrated and discussed in this chapter.
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ellular architecture uses cells within which the transmission between a user and the radio stations can occur. The cell size depends on the transmission range of the stations and on the number of users. With the growing demand for cellular services, the number of users can increase and may affect the quality of services and impact the cell size. This article proposes a
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Cellular networks provide an efficient
infrastructure for voice communications for
mobile users. These networks are designed
to provide voice communications as the user
moves between cells with little or no
interruption. Most cellular networks provide
excellent coverage in urban areas with
extended coverage along major freeways
between cities.
Cellular networks provide a poor
environment for transmitting data. To resolve
this problem, the cellular carrier industry is
developing standards that will provide data
transfer over cellular networks. In addition,
the data communications equipment industry
has also enhanced existing data modem
protocols for cellular data communication.
These changes in cellular data
communication methods and equipment will
enable AVL applications to operate over
cellular networks.
This paper reviews the characteristics of the
different cellular networks. It reviews
circuit-switch methods for AVL operation
over both analog and digital based cellular
networks. The paper also reviews new
packet-switch data standards being
established by the cellular industry.
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This paper explores enhancements to the MSE (mobile subscriber equipment) mobile services by adding commercial CDMA cellular terminals (based on the IS-95 standard), base stations and mobile telephone switching offices (MTSO). Three alternative architectures for distributed cellular control of IS-95 CDMA were compared in terms of cost and MSE network utilization. The three alternatives are: 1) remoted MTSO; 2) hybrid MTSO; and 3) fully distributed MTSO. Network performance for each of these alternatives was modeled using COMNET III. Each architecture approach was also demonstrated in a laboratory environment.
Cellular radio
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Cellular architecture uses cells within which the transmission between a user and the radio stations can occur. The cell size depends on the transmission range of the stations and on the number of users. With the growing demand for cellular services, the number of users can increase that will affect the quality of services and impact the cell size. This paper proposes a model for a cellular architecture. The model allows for calculation of waiting and hand off times in the network for mobile users. The results of the experiments show that the number of channels per user, call time, and the percentage of mobile users in the cells have significant impact on the performance of cellular network.
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A random-access digital multiplex system is considered in the context of a cellular mobile radio system. Three different ways of implementing this technique in a cellular system are described. With the aid of certain simplifying assumptions, the techniques are compared as to their traffic-carrying capacity.
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In designing and growing a cellular radio system, it is important to understand that the cellular system design tools, being it either computer generated propagation models or manual radio frequency field strength measurements, typically assume or use a 3 db gain omni directional mobile antenna for the subscriber equipment. In car portable use or real world antenna patterns may result in degraded service to the cellular customer in areas where a cellular radio system design predicts adequate signal strength. Thus, the cellular radio system design must be modified to account for this subscriber equipment, and that modification proportional to the quality of service that the cellular carrier desires to provide. An additional goal of this test was to make recommendations as to the type of antennas which would give the NewVector customer the best possible quality of service.
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The advent of second and third generation cellular systems forces cellular operators to face considerable increase in the signaling traffic over their mobile networks. Service providers are therefore required to h ave a ppropriate planning tools in o rder to maintain adequate service quality levels. This paper presents a proposal of a simulation architecture for analysis of signaling in GSM and IS41/136 mobile cellular networks. Procedures like Power Up, Power Down, Call Setup, Handover and Location Updating are implemented. The simulation tool CELSA 1 (Cellular Signaling Analyzer) has implemented this architecture. Simulation results for exchanged signaling load in example network architecture a re presented.
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With the trend towards higher performance in cellular networks, traffic control methods that assign available channel to cells dynamically provide more benefits than the conventional fixed assignment in generating better capacity and lesser forced termination. Previous studies of dynamic methods are based mainly on event driven simulation. A theoretical model for a cellular mobile communication system is presented in the paper. The comparison techniques are illustrated by examining a channel borrowing scheme. The characteristics obtained from the dynamic model and from event driven simulation are in agreement.< >
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In the past few years, the cellular telecommunication world advanced with new promised underlying technologies that enable robust communication networks with cellular communication-based approaches. Techniques such as the 4G/LTE and beyond could foster the development of the autonomous vehicle industry, and vehicular communication applications could also provide significant reliability in realistic road situations. The fourth-generation (4G) of mobile cellular telecommunication systems can be applied in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) environments in terms of providing intelligent traffic solutions with an enhancement of the performance of Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication and known as Cellular V2X (C-V2X). To highlight the efforts of 4G/LTE-based cellular communication in V2X technology evolution, this paper presents a comprehensive survey about the simulation evaluation papers of 4G/LTE technology in C-V2X or hybrid V2X communications.
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