[Ways to detect and measures to prevent obesity].
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The results of an epidemiological survey indicate high incidence of obesity and overweight among adult population in a district of Moscow and in the Moscow region. Obesity and overweight were recorded in 46.3% of persons examined at a large industrial enterprise, in 35% at a food plant; 16% of persons with overweight and 26% with obesity were recorded among the unorganized population of the district in Moscow; 35.4% of sovkhoz workers were obese. The survey has shown that the main reasons for high incidence of obesity are excessive nutrition and poor physical activity. Obesity is a risk factor for the development of various diseases and carries hazards for the health of the population.Cite
A good understanding of underlying causes of the obesity prevalence in the farmworker population is critical in finding effective strategies to fight obesity and related chronic diseases. There is growing evidence that the population of farmworkers fares poorly with regard to health status, but available data on obesity levels and related chronic diseases is scarce or missing. This study examined the prevalence of overweight and obesity among a sample of farmworker population in California. Results from this study should prove helpful to the design of intervention efforts and policies to help improve the health status of farmworker population at the community level and beyond.
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Aim In a recent epidemiological study on chronic venous disease (CVD) in French male patients, a correlation was found between obesity and disease severity. The objective of this study was to further analyze the relationship between age and/or obesity, and CVD severity as assessed by the CEAP C-class. Methods Each physician taking part in this cross-sectional study included the first 3 adult male patients consulting for the first time and presenting at least one sign and one symptom of CVD. Patients' socio-demographic and clinical data were collected, and findings for obese (body mass index BMI: >30 kg/m(2)), overweight (25 Results A total of 192 physicians included 494 male adult patients (49.3+/-13.7 years). Among these 494 patients, 37 (7.5%) were obese, 196 (39.7%) overweight, and 256 (51.8%) non-obese. While univariate analyses pointed to more severe CVD in obese patients, multivariate analyses failed to disclose any BMI effect on CVD severity (polytomic logistic regression: P=0.1826). The differences observed between obese, overweight, and non-obese patients were age-linked (P 60 years experienced trophic disorders, i.e., CEAP classes C4, C5, and C6). Conclusions This study does not show any relationship between the CEAP C-class and obesity in male patients. Obesity was thus probably not an aggravating factor in CVD but a simple reflection of ageing.
Aggravating Factor
Chronic Venous Insufficiency
Univariate analysis
Cross-sectional study
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Diminishing the incidence of the main cardiovascular diseases by increasing the population’s awareness with regards to the interconnection between dietary risk factors and the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, was the main purpose of this study. This study represents a qualitative sociological investigation, conducted during the interval 20052008 upon a number of 3250 persons, who visited the consulting rooms of 10 general practitioners from Oradea. Data were extracted from questionnaires. The largest percentage of patients is represented by the feminine population (1280 women, 53,9%), the masculine population being represented by only 1096 persons (46,1%); in terms of age groups, the elderly population outnumbered the other age categories: about 60% of the patients were over 50; 50% of the persons who answered the questionnaire have finished high-school (49,7%), while over 30% (34,1%) have graduated from higher-education institutions. 70,5% of the patients were overweight: 26% suffered from mild (degree I) obesity; 18,1% presented moderate (degree II) obesity; 12,1% presented severe (degree III) obesity (evaluated in terms of BMI). The final evaluation, achieved as a result of implementing the educational program concerning health, has indicated a weigh-loss of about 10% in the case of patients who have answered the questionnaire. A qualitatively and quantitatively balanced diet reduces with 1,29 times the risk of cardiovascula r diseases Keyword: dietary risk factor, incidence, cardiovascular diseases IMPORTANCE
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Epidemiological characteristics and related factors of hypertension in rural areas of northern China
Prevalence of hypertension is higher in the north than in the south of China,and there is a low level of awareness,treatment and control of hypertension in rural areas and remote mountain areas.The risk factors for hypertension have expected changes which,in descending order,are age,overweight and obesity,high serum lipid,alcohol history,family history,high-sensitive C-reactive protein,and history of smoking.Nowadays,persons are paying more and more attention to such factors as lipids,overweight and alcohol use.In this paper the epidemiological characteristics and related factors for hypertension in northern China were reviewed and analyzed so as to provide theoretical information for the prevention and treatment of hypertension.
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The epidemiological and nutritional transition process is evident in the coexistence of diseases resulting from nutritional deficiencies such as anemia and malnutrition, accompanied by an increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity. Both conditions (deficit and excess) may coexist in the same person, family and community, denoting complexity for its approach. Geostadistics applied to nutritional epidemiology could provide more different analytical approaches that traditional epidemiology. The propouse of this work was to analyze spatial behaviour of nutritional disease and food determinants such as malnutrition, overweight and obesity, and anemia, in Cordoba city, Argentina. 2D-variogram algorithm for anisotropic data was programmed using IDL language to study malnutrition, overweight and obesity, anemia variability. In addition, different 2D-variograms were elaborated considering predefined situations: isotropic data, random values of prevalence, random values of prevalence and spatial distribution and prevalences with increasing monotonous values. Our results have to be a spatial pattern in the distribution of the prevalence of overweight-obesity and anemia. This study provides an important basis for further research to understand behavioral, demographic, socio-economic and environmental determinants of nutrition epidemiology.
Variogram
Nutritional Epidemiology
Spatial epidemiology
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The objective of this study is to find out an association between hypertension and some risk factors like overweight/obesity, excess salt intake, smoking, physical inactivity, etc. A retrospective study was conducted among the recorded hypertensive employees of NFC plant, Hyderabad to identify various risk factors among the subjects. Out of 510 diagnosed hypertensive persons on record, 100 persons were selected by systematic random sampling technique. Controls were selected from non-hypertensive subjects after matching. Risk factors from both the groups were analysed and compared. Study showed significant association between hypertension and overweight/obesity, sedentary lifestyle, intake of excess salt and raised serum cholesterol, smoking. Only drug interventions are not enough in treating hypertension. Simultaneous effort to change the modifiable risk factors by educating and motivating individuals is necessary. Keywords: Risk factors, hypertension, employees
Sedentary lifestyle
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Background and Objective: In Malaysia, the prevalence of overweight and obesity (>18 years old) is escalating with 16.6% and 4.4% in 1996, 29.1% and 14.0% in 2006, and 33.6% and 19.5% in 2008 (1-3). This study aim at continue monitoring the prevalence and its associations as it is strongly related to cardiovascular death (4). Design and Method: A community-based cross sectional study, was carried out in Malaysia between 2007 and 2010, using cut-off points body mass index (BMI) of 23 and 27.5 kg/m2 for overweight and obese (5). Data was analysed using STATA version 11. Results: A total of 10,963 subjects with complete BMI readings, out of 11,572 adult (>18 years old) subjects’ (mean age 51.2±11.0) data were analysed. The age-adjusted prevalence of overweight and obese were 38.3% (95% CI: 37.7- 39.1) and 34.0% (95% CI: 33.0-34.8), with female was significantly more obese (36.7%, CI; 35.4-37.8) than male (30.4%, CI; 29.1-31.7) (p<0.001) and urban population was significantly more obese (36.9%, CI; 35.6-38.1) than rural population (30.9%, CI; 29.6-32.1) (p<0.001). Highest prevalence of obesity were in Malays (38.9%, CI; 37.8-39.9), followed by Indians (35.8%, CI; 30.7-41.2) and lowest in Chinese (17.4%, CI; 15.2-19.5). Obese subjects were 1.8 (CI; 1.44-2.33), 1.7 (CI; 1.04-2.81), 2.38 (CI; 1.34-4.23) and 2.4 (CI; 1.91-3.01) more likely to have dyslipidaemia, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), newly diagnosed diabetes and hypertension, when compared to normal BMI, respectively. Conclusion: This study highlights the serious rise in obesity prevalent which deem the health system into action strategy at national level, as suggested by WHO (6) in fighting globesity. References: Khambalia AZ, Seen LS. Trends in overweight and obese adults in Malaysia (1996–2009): a systematic review. Obesity Reviews. 2010;11(6):403-12. Kee CC, Jamaiyah H, Noor Safiza MN, Geeta A, Khor GL, Suzana S, et al. Abdominal obesity in Malaysian adults: National Health and Morbidity Survey III (NHMS III, 2006). Malaysian Journal of Nutrition. 2008;14(2):125-35. Mohamud WN, Musa KI, Khir AS-M, Ismail AA-S, Ismail IS, Kadir KA, et al. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among adult Malaysians: an update. Asia Pacific Journal Of Clinical Nutrition. 2011;20(1):35-41. Gaziano TA, Bitton A, Anand S, Abrahams-Gessel S, Murphy A. Growing Epidemic of Coronary Heart Disease in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Current Problems in Cardiology. 2010;35(2):72-115. MOH. Clinical Practice Guideline on the Management of Obesity 2004. 2004.
Cross-sectional study
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Abstract To examine the prevalence and co-occurrence of lifestyle risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) according to sociodemographic characteristics in Chilean residents. A cross-sectional study based on data from 5995 adults from the Chilean National Health Survey. The lifestyle risk factors included were physical inactivity, tobacco consumption, alcohol consumption, low fruits and vegetable consumption, and overweight/obesity. The most frequent risk factor was overweight/obesity (75.6%), followed by alcohol consumption (74.8%), low fruits and vegetable consumption (51.7%), physical inactivity (36.3%), and tobacco consumption (27.9%). Only 1.0% of the participants did not present any risk factor, while 9.6%, 30.4%, 34.0%, 20.3%, and 4.7% accumulated one, two, three, four, and five risk factors. Men (OR 1.56; 95% CI 1.18; 2.04), people who have secondary education (OR 1.59; 95% CI 1.20; 2.10), and those with lower household income (OR 1.39; 95% CI 1.09; 1.59) had higher odds of three or more risk factors. Associations were inverse for older adults (OR 0.57; 95% CI 0.41; 0.79) and rural geographic areas (OR 0.77; 95% CI 0.67; 0.89). The prevalence of risk factors for NCDs is fairly high in Chilean residents. Interventions may need to target these co-occurrences rather than emphasizing individual risk factors for NCDs. Interventions could further consider these co-occurrences as a potential target for population stratification.
Non-communicable disease
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Obesity has been declared an epidemic in many high income countries. In low income countries, the coexistence of obesity and underweight makes the situation more grievous. The priority is to explore the overall pictures of body weight status in low income countries and countries that are in transitional phase. Through this country wide cross sectional study we would like to capture the current body weight status among the school aged children, both in urban and rural areas in Bangladesh. We conducted a countrywide cross sectional study, from June to September 2009. By random sampling, we selected 10,135 students from 6 to 15 years from both the urban and rural schools. We categorized the students into overweight, obese and underweight by using the values for age and sex at +1SD, +2SD and −2 SD of Z scores of BMI respectively. We observed among 6 to 15 year olds from both the urban and rural areas 3.5% were obese, 9.5% were overweight and 17.6% were underweight. The proportion of obese and overweight students were greater among the students from urban schools (5.6%, 10.6%) compared to the students from rural schools (1.2%, 8.6%) (RD = 4.3, 95% CI = 3.6, 5.0; RD = 2.0, 95% CI = 0.1, 3.1). The proportion of underweight students were lower in the urban schools (16.1%) compared to the rural schools (19.2%) (RD = −3.1; 95% CI = −4.6, −1.6) The rate of obesity and overweight is alarming among school aged children in Bangladesh. Overweight and underweight are coexisting which needs special attention to minimize the dual burden.
Underweight
Cross-sectional study
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