INVESTIGATION OF DEPRESSION HISTORY AND LIFE EVENTS WITH DEPRESSION IN MENOPAUSAL PERIOD
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Depression
History of depression
Despite its negative consequences, little is known about the natural history of depression in the oldest old.To study the incidence, course and predictors of depression in the general population of the oldest old.The Leiden 85-plus Study is a prospective population-based study of 500 people from their 85th to their 89th birthdays. Depressive symptoms were annually assessed with the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale, using a cut-off of 4 points.During a mean follow-up of 3.9 years, the annual risk for the emergence of depression was 6.8%. Poor daily functioning and institutionalisation predicted depression. Among the 77 participants with depression at baseline (prevalence 15%) the annual remission rate was ony 14%. In more than half of the participants with a remission of depression, we observed a relapse of depression during follow-up. No predictors of remission could be identified.Among the oldest old, depression is frequent and highly persistent. More active case-finding and treatment would be potentially rewarding.
Depression
History of depression
Major depressive episode
Geriatric Depression Scale
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Depression
History of depression
Medical History
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Abstract BackgroundHistory of psychiatric disorders, particularly depression, is the strongest risk factor for perinatal depression (PND). Yet many women without such history experience their first depression episode perinatally, whilst other women with depression history do not experience any episodes during the perinatal period. PND may itself be heterogenous, according to differences in psychiatric history. However, a comprehensive investigation of characteristics of women with PND, with and without a prior psychiatric history, has not been attempted.MethodsIn a large sample of parous women with depression, we sought to identify risk factors associated with PND after previous depression episodes, or as first-onset depression. Using data from the Australian Genetics of Depression Study, we identified two subgroups of PND cases (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score >= 13) with and without prior depression history. For both subgroups, we investigated lifetime prevalence, length and severity of PND. Logistic regression compared a range of characteristics of cases to those of a comparison group with major depression without any perinatal episodes. ResultsCriteria for PND was met by 5,058 (70%) of 7,182 parous women who met criteria for major depression. Of women reporting depression onset before first pregnancy, 2,261 (77%) PND cases were compared to 672 (23%) without PND. Among women reporting their first depression episode during or after their first pregnancy, 878 women for whom this first episode was PND were compared to 2,124 parous women who had experienced depression but never perinatally. Of women who experienced depression prior to first pregnancy, PND cases were significantly more likely to report more episodes of depression (OR=1.1 per additional depression episode, CI=[1.1-1.1], P=1.3E-13), non-European ancestry (OR=1.8, CI=[1.3-2.5], P=1.2E-03), severe nausea during pregnancy (OR=1.3, CI=[1.1-1.6], P=6.6E-03) and emotional abuse (OR=1.4, CI=[1.1-1.7], P=2.0E-03). Women without any depression before their first perinatal episode were significantly more likely to report emotional abuse (OR=1.3, CI=[1.1-1.6], P=1.1E-02) than women with depression without PND.ConclusionsThe majority of parous women in this study experienced PND, associated with more complex, severe depression. Results highlight the importance of perinatal assessments of depressive symptoms, particularly for women with a history of depression or childhood adverse experiences.
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Psychiatric history
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"Reinventing Depression: A History of the Treatment of Depression in Primary Care, 1940–2004 Christopher Callanan and German Berrios." Canadian Bulletin of Medical History, 24(1), pp. 210–211
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The relative frequency of depression in people with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) (30 patients) compared with those with a history of relapse (106 patients) was determined. Three participants in the progressive group and 28 in the relapsing group had a lifetime history of major depression. The lifetime morbidity ratio for major depression in relapsing patients was 2.64 compared with that of PPMS.
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History of depression
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Depression
History of depression
Nicotine replacement therapy
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We examined the prevalence of depression after burn injury in 139 adults treated at a major burn center. Interviews were held from one to eight years following the burn. Our subsample, taken from 882 patients treated over a six-year period, comprised all patients with 30% total body surface area burns and a random sample of those with burns of lesser severity. We considered 17 possible predictors of depression (including the severity and placement of the burn and the patient's age, educational background, medical history, employment status, income level, and emotional and psychiatric history). We found that it is the person, rather than the injury, that best predicts postburn depression. The factor most strongly linked with depression was a past history of emotional disturbance. However, after being burned, a significant number of even previously well-adjusted patients show clinical postburn depression.
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Burn center
History of depression
Severe burn
Medical History
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Depression
History of depression
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Objective To investigate the prevalence of depression and its risk factors in community elderly people at high risk of ischemic stroke.Methods Four hundred and sixty-nine elderly people with their age≥60years sampled from 4communities in Hexi District of Tianjin were divided into depression group(n=146)and non-depression group(n=323).Their depression was assessed according to the Hamilton's Depression Scale(edition 17).Results Of the 469 elderly people at high risk of ischemic stroke,146(31.1%)suffered from depression.The incidence of depression was significantly higher in females,singles,those with a history of depression and heart disease,those who had insufficient physical exercises,physical labourers,and those with a family history of ischemic stroke of depression group than in those of non-depression group(P0.05).Logistic regression analysis revealed that females,singles,history of heart disease and family history of ischemic stroke were the independent risk factors for depression in community elderly people at high risk of ischemic stroke(OR=2.542,95%CI:1.373-4.707,P=0.003;OR=4.272,95%CI:1.706-10.696,P=0.002;OR=2.734,95%CI:1.728-4.325,P=0.000;OR=1.583,95%CI:1.013-2.474,P=0.044).Conclusion Mild depression is more commonly observed in community elderly people at high risk of ischemic stroke.It should be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.
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Stroke
History of depression
Geriatric Depression Scale
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Perhaps the single best predictor of current depression is a prior episode of depression. This study examined the significance of prior depressive episodes in a weighted sample of 425 primary medical care (PC) patients. It also compared the 53 PC patients with major depression with 93 depressed psychiatric patients with respect to percentage of recurrences versus 1st episodes. PC patients with prior depression were over 8 times more likely to be currently depressed than those without such a history. Having at least 1 prior episode of depression was modestly more sensitive, but less specific, than an elevated Center for Epidemiologic Studies--Depression Scale score in predicting current depression. Most currently depressed patients in both PC (85%) and psychiatry (78%) had prior episodes of depression. These findings highlight the importance of assessing history of depression in research and clinical practice.
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Clinical Significance
Major depressive episode
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