The association of depression with disease course in multiple sclerosis
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The relative frequency of depression in people with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) (30 patients) compared with those with a history of relapse (106 patients) was determined. Three participants in the progressive group and 28 in the relapsing group had a lifetime history of major depression. The lifetime morbidity ratio for major depression in relapsing patients was 2.64 compared with that of PPMS.Keywords:
Depression
History of depression
The authors examined the incidence and predictors of major depression following successful smoking cessation treatment, with special attention to the influence of past major depression.Three-month follow-up data were obtained from 126 subjects who successfully completed a 10-week smoking cessation program.The 3-month incidence of new major depression following treatment for nicotine dependence was 2%, 17%, and 30% among subjects with histories of no major depression, single major depression, and recurrent major depression, respectively. A history of major depression and persistent withdrawal symptoms independently predicted posttreatment major depression.Continued patient care beyond the 2-4-week period associated with the nicotine withdrawal syndrome is indicated when abstinence is attempted by smokers with prior major depression.
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Nicotine withdrawal
Nicotine dependence
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Objective To understand depression elderly cardiovascular disease,so that to intervention treatment.Methods The Hamilton depression scale,267 cases of cardiovascular disease for depression in diagnostic evaluation.Results Old cardiovascular disease incidence of depression by 32.8%.Conclusion Cardiovascular disease and depression are increasing age sex disease,serious threat to the health of the old man,need to pay and active intervention.
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Depression
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Abstract BackgroundHistory of psychiatric disorders, particularly depression, is the strongest risk factor for perinatal depression (PND). Yet many women without such history experience their first depression episode perinatally, whilst other women with depression history do not experience any episodes during the perinatal period. PND may itself be heterogenous, according to differences in psychiatric history. However, a comprehensive investigation of characteristics of women with PND, with and without a prior psychiatric history, has not been attempted.MethodsIn a large sample of parous women with depression, we sought to identify risk factors associated with PND after previous depression episodes, or as first-onset depression. Using data from the Australian Genetics of Depression Study, we identified two subgroups of PND cases (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score >= 13) with and without prior depression history. For both subgroups, we investigated lifetime prevalence, length and severity of PND. Logistic regression compared a range of characteristics of cases to those of a comparison group with major depression without any perinatal episodes. ResultsCriteria for PND was met by 5,058 (70%) of 7,182 parous women who met criteria for major depression. Of women reporting depression onset before first pregnancy, 2,261 (77%) PND cases were compared to 672 (23%) without PND. Among women reporting their first depression episode during or after their first pregnancy, 878 women for whom this first episode was PND were compared to 2,124 parous women who had experienced depression but never perinatally. Of women who experienced depression prior to first pregnancy, PND cases were significantly more likely to report more episodes of depression (OR=1.1 per additional depression episode, CI=[1.1-1.1], P=1.3E-13), non-European ancestry (OR=1.8, CI=[1.3-2.5], P=1.2E-03), severe nausea during pregnancy (OR=1.3, CI=[1.1-1.6], P=6.6E-03) and emotional abuse (OR=1.4, CI=[1.1-1.7], P=2.0E-03). Women without any depression before their first perinatal episode were significantly more likely to report emotional abuse (OR=1.3, CI=[1.1-1.6], P=1.1E-02) than women with depression without PND.ConclusionsThe majority of parous women in this study experienced PND, associated with more complex, severe depression. Results highlight the importance of perinatal assessments of depressive symptoms, particularly for women with a history of depression or childhood adverse experiences.
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The relative frequency of depression in people with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) (30 patients) compared with those with a history of relapse (106 patients) was determined. Three participants in the progressive group and 28 in the relapsing group had a lifetime history of major depression. The lifetime morbidity ratio for major depression in relapsing patients was 2.64 compared with that of PPMS.
Depression
History of depression
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Depression
History of depression
Nicotine replacement therapy
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We examined the prevalence of depression after burn injury in 139 adults treated at a major burn center. Interviews were held from one to eight years following the burn. Our subsample, taken from 882 patients treated over a six-year period, comprised all patients with 30% total body surface area burns and a random sample of those with burns of lesser severity. We considered 17 possible predictors of depression (including the severity and placement of the burn and the patient's age, educational background, medical history, employment status, income level, and emotional and psychiatric history). We found that it is the person, rather than the injury, that best predicts postburn depression. The factor most strongly linked with depression was a past history of emotional disturbance. However, after being burned, a significant number of even previously well-adjusted patients show clinical postburn depression.
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A recent study that followed nearly 1200 Johns Hopkins Medical School male students over 40 years found that those with a history of clinical depression—even a depressive episode more than 10 years prior—were twice as likely to develop coronary artery disease, and the history or incidence of depression raised their risk for heart attack by 20 percent.1
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Perhaps the single best predictor of current depression is a prior episode of depression. This study examined the significance of prior depressive episodes in a weighted sample of 425 primary medical care (PC) patients. It also compared the 53 PC patients with major depression with 93 depressed psychiatric patients with respect to percentage of recurrences versus 1st episodes. PC patients with prior depression were over 8 times more likely to be currently depressed than those without such a history. Having at least 1 prior episode of depression was modestly more sensitive, but less specific, than an elevated Center for Epidemiologic Studies--Depression Scale score in predicting current depression. Most currently depressed patients in both PC (85%) and psychiatry (78%) had prior episodes of depression. These findings highlight the importance of assessing history of depression in research and clinical practice.
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