Saturation of electrostatic instability in two-species plasma
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We explore the level of saturation of instabilities in a two-species plasma using a combination of matched asymptotic expansion and numerical computation. The plasma is assumed to be spatially periodic, and the domain size is chosen to allow a single mode to become unstable when a bump is added to the tail of the distribution of the lighter species. We consider two versions of the problem, arising when the mass ratio of the two species is either very small, or of the order of unity. For small mass ratios, the initial saturation level of the mode amplitude, as measured by the electric field disturbance, follows the ‘trapping scaling’. For mass ratios of order unity, nonlinear effects become important at the level predicted by Crawford and Jayaraman, but the instability does not saturate there and continues to grow. In both cases, the initial onset of nonlinearity does not reflect the longer- time evolution of the system. In fact, the system passes through multiple stages of evolution in which the electric field amplitude is not simply predicted; none of the previously published scalings are adequate. Eventually, for both cases, the distribution of the lighter ions becomes significantly rearranged, and much (though not all) of the destabilizing bump is flattened. A better predictor of the strength of the instability is given by the extent of these rearrangements.Keywords:
Saturation (graph theory)
Saturation (graph theory)
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Frequency factor
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Abstract We quantify the influence of the initial non-wetting phase saturation and porosity on the residual non-wetting phase saturation based on data in the literature and our own experimental results from sandpacks and consolidated rocks. The principal application of this work is for carbon capture and storage (CCS) where capillary trapping is a rapid and effective way to render the injected CO2 immobile, guaranteeing safe storage. We introduce the concept of capillary trapping capacity (Ctrap) which is the product of residual saturation and porosity that represents the fraction of the rock volume that can be occupied by a trapped non-wetting phase. We propose empirical fits to the data to correlate trapping capacity and residual saturation to porosity and initial saturation. We show that trapping capacity reaches a maximum of approximately 7% for rock porosities of 20%, which suggests an optimal porosity for CO2 storage.
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Ordered structures formed in Z-scan-based optical trapping of colloidal liquids are evaluated by examining both the Z-scan trace and the diffraction pattern of the trapping region. It is found that there exits an optimum trapping power at which a highly ordered structure is achieved. This optimum trapping power exhibits a dependence on the scanning speed. In addition, a rapid deterioration in the quality of the ordered structures occurs with increasing scanning speed and it can be compensated by an increase of the trapping power. The two mechanisms that govern the annihilation dynamics of the ordered structures are clearly resolved at high scanning speeds due to their different response times to the change of the trapping light.
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Thermal desorption
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Pest trapping is an important method of prevention and control to termite in forest and orchard. In recent years,the termites of blueberry orchard break out heavier in south of Anhui Province,and then it is urgent for us to develop an effective method to control this pest. In the test two methods of trapping tube( bamboo pipe and PVC pipe) and trapping pits were used to research the successful trapping frequency and quantity after treated for 14, 28,45 and 90 days. Trapping effect of the trapping device,materials of trapping tube and bait species on termite were evaluated according to the accumulative result for four surveys. The results showed that trapping effect of trapping tube was significantly higher than that of trapping pits,and the effect of bamboo pipe was slightly better than that of PVC pipe,there was no significant difference between them. Of three baits of masson pine sawdust, pine sawdust and wheat bran,the trapping effect of masson pine sawdust was best by two trapping methods,and the trapping frequency and quantity by trapping tube and trapping pit for four surveys were 17 times,939 and 7 times and 767,respectively.
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We numerically calculated the time-resolved photoluminescence spectra using the bimolecular trapping-detrapping model. The variations of carrier lifetimes are investigated by changing the carrier recombination and trapping rate constants, as well as the concentration of available trapping states.
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In recent papers the authors (see ibid., vol.16, p.425, 1983) have described methods for obtaining trapping parameters from thermoluminescence curves. The methods are applicable when the traps are filled to saturation concentration. Here, the problem of obtaining trapping parameters from TL curves recorded under non-saturation conditions is discussed.
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We measure the influence of the orientational instability on the local interfacial widths of two classes of super-rough growth models, one displaying single scaling and the other spatial multiscaling. For the former class, the anomalous dynamic scaling behavior is totally attributed to the orientational instability. Thus the local roughness relative to the average interfacial orientation in a local window of size l, ${w}_{n}(l,t),$ retrieves ordinary dynamic scaling behaviors. In contrast, for the latter class, the effect of the orientational instability is not the sole mechanism responsible for anomalously roughened interfaces; thus ${w}_{n}(l,t)$ still retains anomalous dynamic scaling behaviors.
Dynamic scaling
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