Reduction of Rayleigh scattering in nonlinear optical phase conjugations by photo-induced density redistribution in atomic vapors
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Abstract:
We investigate the reduction of Rayleigh scattering in four-wave mixing due to photo-induced spatial redistribution of atoms in atomic vapors. The Rayleigh scattering from the pump beams in optical phase conjugation is a major source of noise, which affects the fidelity of the phase-conjugated image. In the blue-shifted operation, the atoms are driven toward the low-intensity regions of the standing-wave pattern, leading to a reduction of Rayleigh scattering. We also investigate the effect of saturation on the differential scattering cross section.Keywords:
Redistribution
Four-wave mixing
Biomolecule
Nanomaterials
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Resonant light scattering from metal nanoparticles: Practical analysis beyond Rayleigh approximation
We propose a simple analytical formula that can quantitatively predict resonant light scattering from metal nanoparticles of arbitrary shape, whose sizes are too large for Rayleigh approximation to be applicable. The formula has been derived as an empirical extension of Mie’s rigorous calculation for light scattering from spheres. It can very well reproduce the experimental characteristics of light scattering from Au nanorods.
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When Na2S2O3 reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid,insoluble solid sulfur molecules emerge in the solution.The diameter of the sulfur molecules is less than the wavelength of visible light.Some sulfur molecules can agglomerate to form particles with their diameters similar to or bigger then the wavelength of visible light.If white light passes through the liquid during the reaction,Rayleigh scattering and Mie scattering can be observed.In Rayleigh scattering,the light polarization can also be observed.
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The main component of protein glass is silicon dioxide,which contains a lot of nano-size bubbles of irregular distribution,and its size is much smaller than the wavelength of visible light.Protein glass is used as a scattering medium in order to improve the existing demonstration experiments of Rayleigh scattering,which can demonstrate the influence of medium thickness changes on the scattered light and transmitted light,and polarization characteristics of the scattered light are analyzed.The equipment is uncomplicated and simple to operate,and the phenomena are well observed.
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Theoretical investigations made by Rayleigh on the scattering of light have shown that for indefinitely small spherical particles the intensity of the light scattered by individuals should be proportional to the sixth power of the radius. These investigations have been extended by Mie to spherical particles whose diameter is comparable with the wave-length of light, and he has found that, although Rayleigh’s Law should hold good for particles whose diameter is less than about one-tenth of the wave-length of light, for larger particles the power of the radius will gradually decrease with increase of size to less than two, and will then increase, becoming two again when the particle is sufficiently large to act as a true reflector. These calculations can only be applied accurately to individual particles or to dilute systems, as otherwise the calculations may be invalidated by multiple scattering. No practical investigations have hitherto been made on individual particles. The few experiments which have been carried out have always been concerned with the average scattering per unit volume of comparatively condensed and inhomogeneous systems of particles, and it is doubtful whether the results are free from the complicating effect of multiple scattering. Thus, Tyndallmeter experiments have been made by Tolman and his colleagues on smokes, but the results he obtained could not be expressed in terms of any simple law of scattering or reflexion. Mecklenberg has carried out similar experiments on sulphur solutions which he believed to be homogeneous, and these indicate that Rayleigh’s Law is obeyed for the size of particles investigated.
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The recent applications of light scattering technique in biochemical analysis have been reviewed. The mechanic theories of resonance light scattering and Rayleigh light scattering (RLS), the relationships and differences between them, their applications and the interference factors in biochemistry analysis have been covered. By contrasting Rayleigh light scattering with double scattering and anti-scattering, the advantages of RLS have been pointed out. Finally, some prospects for the future application of this technique have been given.
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