Distribution of Candida species among HIV-positive patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis in Accra, Ghana
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Abstract:
Oropharyngeal candidiasis is a common occurrence in the course of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression. Changes in the clinical severity of oropharyngeal candidiasis and type of Candida species profile may be a reflection of immunological changes in patients. The aim of this study was to undertake a baseline Candida species identification for future reference.Oral swabs of 267 HIV-infected patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis were cultured and Candida species were identified by API 32 C.A total of 201 (75.3%) Candida species and 10 (3.7%) non candida fungi were identified. Twenty different Candida species were isolated. Candida albicans was the most prevalent species (68.5%) followed by C. tropicalis (7.4%), C. krusei (6.4%), C. parapsilosis (3.0%) and C. sake (2.5%). Other species ranged from 0.5% to 1.5%. Positive culture was independent of whether patients were on anti-retroviral therapy or not.Of all Candida isolates, 68.5% were identified as C. albicans. Since other uncommon species were also isolated, it may be necessary in this group of patients to identify Candida species causing severe infections.Keywords:
Candida parapsilosis
Candida krusei
Non-albicans Candida (NAC) species are emerging as important opportunistic pathogens. This has significant clinical impact as, NAC species have decreased susceptibility to commonly used antifungal agents. Hence species identification in the Clinical Microbiology laboratory is essential. This study was conducted to assess efficacy of HiCrome agar to reliably identify Candida to the species level. Altogether 48 isolates of Candida were isolated during a period of one year constituting 24 isolates of Candida albicans, 13 of Candida tropicalis, 4 of Candida krusei, 4 of Candida glabrata, 2 of Candida parapsilosis and 1 isolate of Candida guillermondii. Identification was done based on microscopic morphology, germ tube test, growth at 45°C, morphology on corn meal agar and colony colour on HiCrome agar. HiCrome agar accurately identified all species of Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei and Candida glabrata. Two isolates of Candida parapsilosis and one isolate of Candida guillermondii was misidentified as Candida glabrata. HiCrome agar can be used as a fairly reliable and time saving alternative to conventional methods with good sensitivity and specificity.
Candida krusei
Candida parapsilosis
Candida glabrata
Germ tube
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The molecular detection of Candida plays an important role in the diagnosis of candidaemia, a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The sensitivity of this diagnosis is partly related to the efficiency of yeast DNA extraction. In this monocentric study, we investigated the suitability of 11 recent automated procedures for the extraction of low and high amounts of Candida DNA from spiked blood. The efficacy of the DNA extraction procedures to detect Candida spp. in blood samples ranged from 31.4% to 80.6%. The NucliSENSTM easyMAGTM procedure was the most efficient, for each species and each inoculum. It significantly outperformed the other procedures at the lower Candida inocula mimicking the clinical setting. This study highlighted a heterogeneity in DNA extraction efficacy between the five main Candida species (Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis and Candida krusei). Up to five automated procedures were appropriate for C. krusei DNA extraction, whereas only one method yielded an appropriate detection of low amount of C. tropicalis. In the era of the syndromic approach to bloodstream infection diagnosis, this evaluation of 11 automated DNA extraction methods for the PCR diagnosis of candidaemia, puts the choice of an appropriate method in routine diagnosis within the reach of laboratories.
Candida krusei
Candida parapsilosis
Candida glabrata
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Background: The incidence of systemic fungal infections caused by non-albicans species is increasing. Colonization with Candida has been identified as an independent risk factor for invasive Candidiasis. Methods: In a prospective study for 30 month, we analysed samples weekly over a period of four weeks from an initial count of 411 patients (mean APACHE-II-Score 20.8) admitted to our ICU. Swabs from nostril, throat and anus and specimens of tracheal secretions and urine were taken and cultured on CHROM- or CandID- Agar at 36 °C. Results: 41 of the patients in the study stayed in the ICU for at least 4 weeks. Of these, 24 received systemic antimycotics (mean duration 15.9 days) for proven or probable fungal infection. In the untreated group, Candida species were cultured from 29% of specimens at baseline (71% Candida albicans, 13% Candida glabrata, 17% Candida tropicalis, 4% Candida parapsilosis, 0% Candida krusei) and in 42% after 4 weeks (66% Candida albicans, 16% Candida glabrata, 0% Candida tropicalis, 16% Candida parapsilosis, 0% Candida krusei). In the group with systemic antimycotic therapy, Candida species were cultured from 66% of specimens at baseline (59% Candida albicans, 46% Candida glabrata, 6% Candida tropicalis, 3% Candida parapsilosis, 11% Candida krusei) and in 39% after 4 weeks (29% Candida albicans, 60% Candida glabrata, 0% Candida tropicalis, 13% Candida parapsilosis, 7% Candida krusei). Conclusions: Antimycotic therapy results in a reduction in Candida colonization. This is due to a decrease in the fraction of Candida albicans whereas Candida glabrata is left unchanged. In the absence of antimycotics, Candida colonization increase and the fractions of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata remain unchanged.
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Candida species are common causes of disease ranging from superficial cutaneous and mucocutaneous infections to invasive infections such as candidemia and disseminated candidiasis. There are more than 150 species of Candida, but only 9 are frequent human pathogens. The most common isolate is Candida albicans (Figure 170.1); other encountered pathogens include Candida tropicalis (Figure 170.2), Candida parapsilosis, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei (Figure 170.3), Candida kefyr, Candida lusitaniae, Candida dubliniensis, and Candida gulliermondii. Less commonly isolated species with medical significance include Candida lipolytica, Candida famata, Candida rugosa, Candida viswanathii, Candida haemulonii, Candida norvegensis, Candida catenulate, Candida ciferri, Candida intermedia, Candida utilis, Candida lambica, Candida pulcherrima, and Candida zeylanoides. Most species are commensal organisms, colonizing the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and vagina, and they become opportunistic pathogens only when the host has compromised immunologic or mechanical defenses or when there are changes in the host's normal flora, such as those triggered by broadspectrum antibiotic use.
Candida parapsilosis
Candida krusei
Candida dubliniensis
Candida glabrata
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Ojbective: To investigate the etiological characteristics of deep infection caused by candida.Methods: The routine methods use for identifying Candida included: inoculate on CHROMagar and Corn-Tween 80 agar、 gemma-form test、 commercial kit included API 20C AUX and VITEK YBC card、 blood culture using VITAL.Results: From May 2004 to August 2007,we separated 749 strains of Candida from deep infected specimens.The ratio of different Candida were: Candida albicans 41.79%、 Candida tropicalis 24.17%、 Candida glabrata 12.02%、 Candida parapsilosis 12.95%、 Candida krusei 2%、 other Candida 7.07%.Conclusion: Candida albicans is the most common type,but its ratio is decreasing compared with the past.The ratios of Candida glabrata and Candida parapsilosis are increasing significantly.
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Candida stain is a conditional pathomycete that could be isolated from the bovine with the disease of endometritis.The 183 Candida strains were isolated from the uterus mucus of bovine with disease endometritis were used to identified at the level of generic by API20CAUX.The most commonly could be isolated were Candida krusei which accounted for 33.9%,followed by Candida rugosa were 17.5%,and the Candida kefyr,Candida albicans,Candida tropicalis were 13.1%,11.5%,8.7%.The seldom could be isolated were Candida zeylanoides,Candida parapsilosis,Candida guilliermondi,Candida fanata,Candida glabrata were 5.5%,4.4%,3.3%,1.1%,1.1%.In addition,we had also tested the active of hemolyzation in vitro of the Candida stain.Candida krusei,Candida kefyr,Candida albicans,Candida tropicalis,Candida zeylanoides and Candida glabrata display α and β haemolysis post inoculation 48 h.Candida rugosa,Candida guilliermondi,Candida fanata only display α haemolysis,Candida parapsilosis didn't display any haemolysis after incubation 72 h.Candida albicans and Candida kefyr had a higher haemolysis than others.This study lays the foundation for future study of clinical prevention and treatment of fungal endometritis and pathogenesis.
Candida krusei
Candida parapsilosis
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Candida dubliniensis
Candida rugosa
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Pulmonary fungal infections are common potentially life-threatening conditions in immuno-compromised patients. Diagnosis represents a challenge due to the non-specific clinical manifestations. Empirical use of anti-fungal drug therapy has been a burden for years due to high cost and drug toxicity. This study was designed to determine the presence of Candida chest infection in immuno-compromised patients in Tanta University Hospitals. A total of 150 patients with chest infection were selected during the period from June 2015 till June 2017. Collected samples were cultured on Sabouraud's Dextrose agar media. Candida isolates were tested using integral system yeast plus (ISYP) for yeast typing and antifungal susceptibility. Out of 150 tested samples, candida was isolated from 44 samples. ISYP showed that The highest prevalence (36.4%) was for Candida albicans, followed by Candida tropicalis (25%), thirdly Candida parapsilosis (15.9%), then Candida krusei (11.4%), followed by Candida famata, Candida stellatoidea and Candida zylanooides with percentage as (4.5, 4.5 and 2.3%) respectively. Each candida species has different antifungal sensitivity patterns. It is concluded that Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis and Candida parapsilosis were the predominant Candida species causing chest infections in immuno-compromised patients. Further studies must be done to test the sensitivity and accuracy of ISYP.
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The specie Cissus verticillata (L.) Nicolson & C. E. Jarvis subsp. verticillata is known as Vegetable insulin and is used
in popular medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The diabetic patient has a greater risk of urinary infections, and Candida spp. is the main gender involved. Was evaluated, the antifungal activity of the hydroalcoholic extract and its fractions against Candida albicans ATCC 18804, Candida krusei ATCC 6258, Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 and Candida tropicalis ATCC 750. The results indicated that leaves of C. verticillata verticillata has promising potential antifungal in fractions diclormetano and chloroform, with minimum inhibitory concentration of 125 μg/mL in C. krusei and C. tropicalis respectively. We need new tests with chemical constituents of these fractions isolated, seeking higher activity in inhibiting the growth of Candida spp.
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Candida parapsilosis
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Candida parapsilosis
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Candida krusei
Candida dubliniensis
Candida infections
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