Building characterization and aerosol infiltration into a naturally ventilated three-story apartment building
Charles RodesDouglas VanOsdellJeffrey W. PortzerJeremy SeagravesIntaek HahnStacy W. HenkleRussell W. Wiener
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Understanding infiltration of outdoor pollutants was an integral part of the Brooklyn Traffic Real-Time Ambient Pollutant Penetration and Environmental Dispersion (B-TRAPPED) study. For this reason, the structural and air exchange properties of the three-story row house in Brooklyn, NY, USA, that was used in the B-TRAPPED experiments were fully characterized. Factors investigated included representativeness of the construction and impact of building design features on the natural ventilation and infiltration of outdoor aerosol. Both blower door and perfluorocarbon tracer (PFT) air exchange rate (AER) experiments showed that the ventilation rates of the building were quite typical of similar structures in the New York City (NYC) metropolitan area. Indoor/outdoor (I/O) aerosol count ratios by particle size were comparable to a similar vintage naturally ventilated building in Boston, MA, USA. I/O ratio analyses were consistent with literature findings and showed I/O ratios ranging from 0.310 to 0.601, varying across particle sizes (from 0.3 to 0.5 μm) and between first and second floor apartments. An effort to apply the rebound method of Thatcher et al. (Aerosol Sci. Technol., 2003, 37, 847–864) in determining aerosol infiltration rates proved unsuccessful due to unexpectedly long (>60 min) equilibration times after the filtration period. Uninsulated interior wall renovations in the study house created a cavity that resulted in a large intermediate dead volume (for infiltration) that apparently could not be accommodated by a simple infiltration model. Simple two-compartment models evidently have finite application limitations for even modestly complex settings.Keywords:
Infiltration (HVAC)
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This study analyzes the transformation of spatial distribution of commercial facilities in apartment complexes built in Seoul between the late 1960’s and the early 1980’s. At the initial stage of the introduction of apartment complex until early 70’s, shops were placed on the ground floor of apartment building following the western model. Since the mid 70’s, however, separated commercial buildings were built either in a linear form along the community street, or at the center of the apartment complex. It did not last until the commercial building at the center of apartment complex moves to street side at the border of apartment complex in the early 80’s. Building type also changed from an introverted type like a shopping center to Keun-seng type building which is more open to streets. These changes reflect the urban structure of Seoul where commercial buildings are placed at the periphery of urban block along the main street while residential area locates inside the urban block. This paper concludes that the placement of commercial facilities in apartment complex gradually changed from the early western model of residential commercial complex to the unique Korean type, adopting to architectural and urban planning tradition and unique urban structure of Seoul.
Center (category theory)
Central city
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The purpose of this study was to explore the periodic changes of apartment supply between 1980 and 2001 in the City of Donghae. A survey was conducted with 82 apartment complexes that were built in during 21years. The data were itemized and specified by the unit house area, story, periodic and local apartment distribution. They were classified by five:(5) periods and analyzed by each apartment complexes for building characteristics. There were found that apartment housing were influenced by many primary factors such as demographics and a lot of the housing politics etc. The results of this study were as follows: 1) Apartment supply in the City of Donghae mass-produced from 1980 to 2001; Especially the forth period was supplied 5,999 households. 2) Between south area and north area was found a regional disparity. 3) The exclusive use were continuously and centrally supplied according to the housing policy and practical demand. 4) For the types of story were variously found ; Especially the below 5 story apartment was continuously supplied.
Demographics
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Restructuring
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Nowaday, The Sustainable Development about global environment is the most important subject. In urban environment, a variety of the nature energy utilization such as the solar energy are the most efficient solution to solve this issue. One of these efficient solutions, a photovoltaic system using sunlight has been introduced to the building with an advantage such as cost-effective, safe for using and good for environment friendly in light with energy utilization. Recently, many of the apartment housings are built in domestic country. The apartment buildings have been constructed since early of 1970's. now apartment is taking over 50% out of entire housing in korea. The apartment housing applying to a photovoltaic system has been extensively studied in the foreign country but our county runs short. So, It was necessary to technical development of PV application which is suitable in Korean house culture. The objective of this study is to develop the building integrated PV application method for apartment building.
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Abstract The existence of apartments today has become a residential choice for people in big cities, including Jakarta. These vertical dwellings usually consist of various types of dwellings and buildings are designed with an area, space pattern, location of furniture, and supporting facilities that are similar in each type. Another thing to note is that most middle and upper-class apartments are equipped with high technology facilities such as private lifts on certain units, wifi, and smart home technology systems, one of which is in the apartment of the Mansion Dukuh Golf Kemayoran Jakarta. Apart from being designed with lighting and ventilation through the openings in each room, the residential units in this apartment also use technology applications in several types of residential units. This study aims to determine energy efficiency efforts at the Kemayoran Golf Hamlet Apartment. The study was prepared using a qualitative descriptive method. The expected benefits of this study are so that apartment dwellers know more and can use technology as much as possible for energy efficiency. From the results of the study note that the layout of the openings and the existence of technology in the Kemayoran Golf Hamlet Apartment is an efficient energy efficiency effort and can create the comfort of its inhabitants.
HAMLET (protein complex)
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At the economical crisis of Korea in 1997, self-determined price for apartment and the revision increasing the ratio of residential area for mixed-use residential building were introduced to activate the construction industry, which causes construction companies to build super high rise apartment discriminative and high class orientated. This study aims to classify the super high rise building which is planned to build or built recently and to analyze the architectural characteristics. The objects are 288 unit households in 26 apartment complexes higher than twenty five story since 1998. As a result, super high rise building comparing with existing apartments were being varied in plan types of main building and unit household and in construction types. As for the plan, the number of walls having opening to outdoor were increased and it is considered that high rise building can take advantage of a view, lighting and sunshine. The location of living room that used to be in the center of unit in existing apartment was moved freely without rule.
High rise
Architectural plan
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How to solve some the key issue in electrical designs and construction for the high-level apartment buildings is required for their construct quality in order to guarantee the house users' teleorganic construction establishment.However, these are existent general issues in the high-level apartment building design at present. Thus, in this paper these issues are discussed to the designs, construction, quality evaluation and acceptance check for the high-level apartment buildings thoroughly and in depth.
High rise
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In this study, a monoethanolamine aerosol growth model was developed to investigate the aerosol growth factor. Interactions among the internal conditions in an absorber were considered in this aerosol model. Additionally, an experiment was conducted to measure aerosol particle size, for collecting in-house validation data. Sucrose was used as the aerosol nuclei instead of sulfuric acid to prevent the corrosion of equipment used in the experiment. Experimental results showed that the outlet aerosol sizes increased to the same size regardless of the sucrose concentrations. The aerosol growth model was validated using the in-house experimental data. The aerosol growth model efficiently predicted the aerosol size. For investigating aerosol growth effects, particle number concentration was determined to be the primary factor affecting aerosol growth and amine emissions. When the particle number concentration increased, the aerosol size decreased, whereas the MEA emission increased.
Particle (ecology)
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Korean Apartment buildings have constructed since 1970s. The apartment became typical housing type in the present. It has changed the urban landscape. Resident's preference and the development project of many new towns have increased the number of apartment. An architectural design for apartment complex has been developed for finding an optimum among density of complex, quality of residential environment and profitability. Flat buildings have changed to various shaped buildings as L or Y shape ones. The latticed and parallel placement with flat buildings also has varied the arrangement of buildings depending on building shapes. In this study, daylight environment and visual comfort according to apartment master plans were analyzed based on the change of the building shape and mixed arrangement. Simulation by Daysim checked the proper amount of daylight with actual window area. The result was compared in terms of the location and the floor height of each unit. In addition, quantitative comparison of view's opened was conducted and the difference of the view from the window in the living room was examined by images created in ECOTECT. Therefore, this paper examined how the apartment building shapes make the indoor environment different from the flat buildings. Keywords—Building shape, Building arrangement, Daylight performance, View's openness, Window Area
Daylight
Openness to experience
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