A universal reference karyotype in rye, Secale cereale L.
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Secale
Plant biochemistry
Chromosome morphology
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Secale
Plant biochemistry
Sequence (biology)
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Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a powerful tool for the cytogenetic analysis of haematological malignancies. The availability of several types of DNA probes that can be chemically labelled and detected by fluorescence methods has provided widely ranging applications. FISH is a rapid and sensitive technique allowing detection of numerical and structural chromosome changes in metaphase and interphase cells. Interphase cytogenetics provides an important mean to analyse cells that exhibit a low mitotic rate or are present in a low number (minimal residual disease). FISH on metaphase cells improves the accuracy of conventional cytogenetics particularly when caryotypes are complex or when chromosomal abnormalities are submicroscopic. In this review, examples of these applications are presented and discussed.
Interphase
Molecular cytogenetics
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Molecular cytogenetics
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Morphology
Human genetics
Chromosome morphology
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G-banding was successfully demonstrated in chromosomes of cultured Vicia hajastana cells using a simple and reproducible technique. The factors considered important in achieving successful banding were (i) the omission of HCl hydrolysis or enzymatic digestion during the process of making the chromosome preparations; and (ii) the treatment with a weak NaHCO 3 solution at pH 9.0–9.5 prior to staining with Giemsa. The G-banding in prophase and prometaphase chromosomes was of better quality and more consistent than that in metaphase chromosomes.Key words: Vicia hajastana, cell line, G-banding.
Prometaphase
G banding
Giemsa stain
Chromosome morphology
Orcein
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Secale cereale,an important alien gene resource for wheat breeding,has many usufull genes to improve the wheat.Therefore,transferring genes of Secale cereale to wheat can not only widen genetic materials of wheat,but also improve the yield,quality,resistance and adaption of wheat.The progress were reviewed in this paper on the ways of transferring genes of Secale cereale to wheat,the gene resources identification of Secale cereale and the application,in order to promoter the transfer of genes of Secale cereale to wheat and make good use of this gene resource.
Secale
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Secale
Plant biochemistry
Sequence (biology)
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Interphase or metaphase nuclei can be accessed in molecular cytogenetic analyses. Metaphase spreads are routinely studied by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to answer clinical genetic questions. Even though metaphase quality is essential for FISH studies, there is limited ability in clinical cases to improve the quality of cytogenetic preparations. However, the quality of preps is important for the exact localization of FISH signals, which is necessary to identify individual chromosomes and chromosomal sub-regions using inverted DAPI banding. Here we present an efficient and easy-to-perform variant of standard slide pretreatment before a normal FISH procedure. This method reproducibly leads to solid, "steel," nonfuzzy, and well-DAPI-banded metaphases. This protocol works in blood lymphocyte and amniotic fluid-derived fibroblasts. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol: Slide pretreatment for high-quality metaphases for molecular cytogenetics.
Molecular cytogenetics
DAPI
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