Aedes albopictus Mosquito: The Main Vector of the 2007 Chikungunya Outbreak in Gabon
Frédéric PagèsChristophe N. PeyrefitteMédard Toung MveFanny JarjavalSylvain BrisseIsabelle ItemanP. GravierDieudonné NkogheMarc Grandadam
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Abstract:
The primary vector at the origin of the 2007 outbreak in Libreville, Gabon is identified as Aedes albopictus, trapped around the nearby French military camp. The Chikungunya virus was isolated from mosquitoes and found to be identical to the A226V circulating human strain. This is the first field study showing the role of the recently arrived species Aedes albopictus in Chikungunya virus transmission in Central Africa, and it demonstrates this species' role in modifying the epidemiological presentation of Chikungunya in Gabon.Keywords:
Aedes albopictus
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Mayaro Virus is an emerging arbovirus which can be responsible of important outbreaks in tropical regions. A retrospective study was performed in French Guiana, an ultraperipheral region of Europe in Amazonia. We identified 17 human cases between 2003 and 2019. The clinical and biological picture was close to Chikungunya with fever and arthralgia. One patient had acute meningo-encephalitis, and 4 had persistent arthralgia. Physicians should be aware of this virus, as imported cases in Europe have already occurred. AUTHOR SUMMARY: Latin America has experienced several epidemics of arboviruses in recent years, some known for a long time, such as the dengue virus, and others of more recent introduction such as the chikungunya or Zika viruses. There are other arboviruses for the moment more discreet which are rife with low noise in several countries of the continent, such as the Mayaro virus. This alphavirus, with a presentation similar to that of the chikungunya virus, is currently confined to transmission by forest mosquitoes, but its potential to be transmitted by coastal mosquitoes such as Aedes aegypti, make it a potential candidate for a continent-wide epidemic. It therefore seems necessary to know this virus as well as possible in order to anticipate the occurrence of a possible new epidemic. We present here a both demographic and clinical study of this endemic arbovirus disease in French Guiana.
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Chikungunya virus is an arbovirus (alphavirus) transmitted by Aedes albopictus in Reunion Island. A huge chikungunya outbreak swept Reunion Island in 2005- 2006. We report the first case of chikungunya neonatal infection and the 5-years outcome of the 18 neonates hospitalized in neonatal intensive care unit between June 2005 and March 2006.
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Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a dormant 'old world' alphavirus, has warranted worldwide research attention due to the explosive nature of its outbreak events during 2004–2008. Despite being around for more than 50 years, CHIKV still remains elusive compared with other members of the alphavirus family. In light of the potential threat that CHIKV poses, encouraging efforts are taking place to understand CHIKV from different perspectives. This review summarizes our current clinical, pathological and immunological knowledge of CHIKV and examines how we can utilize our understanding of host response for therapeutic strategies.
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The primary vector at the origin of the 2007 outbreak in Libreville, Gabon is identified as Aedes albopictus, trapped around the nearby French military camp. The Chikungunya virus was isolated from mosquitoes and found to be identical to the A226V circulating human strain. This is the first field study showing the role of the recently arrived species Aedes albopictus in Chikungunya virus transmission in Central Africa, and it demonstrates this species' role in modifying the epidemiological presentation of Chikungunya in Gabon.
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Alphavirus infection
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Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an alphavirus that is primarily transmitted by Aedes species mosquitoes. Though reports of an illness consistent with chikungunya date back over 200 years, CHIKV only gained worldwide attention during a massive pandemic that began in East Africa in 2004. Chikungunya, the clinical illness caused by CHIKV, is characterized by a rapid onset of high fever and debilitating joint pain, though in practice, etiologic confirmation of CHIKV requires the availability and use of specific laboratory diagnostics. Similar to infections caused by other arboviruses, CHIKV infections are most commonly detected with a combination of molecular and serological methods, though cell culture and antigen detection are reported. This review provides an overview of available CHIKV diagnostics and highlights aspects of basic virology and epidemiology that pertain to viral detection. Although the number of chikungunya cases has decreased since 2014, CHIKV has become endemic in countries across the tropics and will continue to cause sporadic outbreaks in naive individuals. Consistent access to accurate diagnostics is needed to detect individual cases and initiate timely responses to new outbreaks.
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Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) of Alphavirus genus, has caused several outbreaks around the world in the last decade. Once a relatively unknown virus, it now causes seasonal infections in tropical and some temperate regions. This change in epidemiology is attr
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Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an alphavirus transmitted by mosquitoes, has experienced a recent re-emergence in various regions of the world, leading to large-scale outbreaks [...]
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Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a mosquito-borne alphavirus (family Togaviridae), has become a globally major public health problem since 2004 (ref. 1). No vaccines or therapeutics are available except for mosquito control. CHIKV is relatively stable in blood at room temperature and remains viable for at least 8 h (ref. 2). However, no documented data is available regarding survival of CHIKV outside the host, i.e. in serum or infected mosquitoes. Understanding the survival and environmental stability of CHIKV in the above samples is important for effective management during outbreaks and handling clinical samples.
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