Myxidium rhodei (Protozoa. Myxozoa: Myxosporea) in cyprinid fish from NW Spain
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Abstract:
Myxidiurn rhodei infection of the kidney of chub Leuciscus cephalus cabeda and boga Chondrostoma polylepis from the Esla River, Spain is described.Prevalence was low.3.8 % in chub and 1 " 0 in boga, and intensity relatively high.Affected kidneys exhibited varying degrees of histopathological damage.Spores and plasmodia of the parasite were found mainly in the interstitia, but also in the glomeruli, frequently encapsulated in granulomas with an intense fibrotic reaction.A granulomatous inflammatory reaction with leucocytic infiltration was evident around cysts, affected glomeruli or plasmodia.As a result, much of the kidney tissue became seriously damaged.Keywords:
Myxosporea
Myxozoa
Myxidiurn rhodei infection of the kidney of chub Leuciscus cephalus cabeda and boga Chondrostoma polylepis from the Esla River, Spain is described.Prevalence was low.3.8 % in chub and 1 " 0 in boga, and intensity relatively high.Affected kidneys exhibited varying degrees of histopathological damage.Spores and plasmodia of the parasite were found mainly in the interstitia, but also in the glomeruli, frequently encapsulated in granulomas with an intense fibrotic reaction.A granulomatous inflammatory reaction with leucocytic infiltration was evident around cysts, affected glomeruli or plasmodia.As a result, much of the kidney tissue became seriously damaged.
Myxosporea
Myxozoa
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The myxosporean Myxidium giardi Cépède, 1906 was described infecting the kidney of the European eel, Anguilla anguilla (L.), having spindle-shaped myxospores and terminal sub-spherical polar capsules. Since then, numerous anguillid eels globally have been documented to have similar Myxidium infections. Many of these have been identified using the morphological features of myxospores or by the location of infection in the host, and some have been subsequently synonymised with M. giardi. Therefore, it is not clear whether M. giardi is a widely distributed parasite, infecting numerous species of eels, in multiple organs, or whether some infections represent other, morphologically similar but different species of myxosporeans. The aim of the present study was to assess the status of M. giardi infections in Icelandic eels, and related fish hosts in Malaysia and to use spore morphology and molecular techniques to evaluate the diversity of myxosporeans present. The morphologies of the myxospores from Icelandic eels were very similar but the overall dimensions were significantly different from the various tissue locations. Myxospores from the kidney of the Malaysian tarpon, Megalops cyprinoides (Broussonet), were noticeably smaller. However, the SSU rDNA sequences from the different tissues locations in eels, were all very distinct, with percentage similarities ranging from 92.93% to as low as 89.8%, with the sequence from Malaysia being even more dissimilar. Molecular phylogenies consistently placed these sequences together in a clade that we refer to as the Paramyxidium clade that is strongly associated with the Myxidium clade (sensu stricto). We erect the genus Paramyxidium n. g. (Myxidiidae) to accommodate these histozoic taxa, and transfer Myxidium giardi as Paramyxidium giardi Cépède, 1906 n. comb. as the type-species. There is not a single species of Myxidium (M. giardi) causing systemic infections in eels in Iceland. There are three species, confirmed with a robust phylogeny, one of which represents Paramyxidium giardi n. comb. Additional species probably exist that infect different tissues in the eel and the site of infection in the host fish is an important diagnostic feature for this group (Paramyxidium n. g. clade). Myxospore morphology is generally conserved in the Paramyxidium clade, although actual spore dimensions can vary between some species. Paramyxidium spp. are currently only known to infect fishes from the Elopomorpha.
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Myxozoa
Icelandic
Characiformes
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Abstract Approximately 5000 young of the year (0+) cyprinids comprising roach, chub, dace, minnow, bleak, bream, barbel and gudgeon were examined histologically for the presence of myxozoan infections. Thirteen myxozoans were identified to species, the majority being Myxobolus spp. In addition, two species of Myxidium and of Sphaerospora were recorded. All organs were examined, with the majority of infections being found in the gills, musculature and kidney. However, isolated spores were occasionally found in other tissues. Whilst roach contained the highest number of myxozoan species, it was chub that showed the greatest host response to sporogonic forms. Data are provided on spore morphology, pathogenic responses and tissue and host specificity of the myxozoans recorded.
Myxozoa
Myxobolus
Myxosporea
Trichodina
Barbel
Leuciscus
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Myxozoa
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Myxosporea
Myxozoa
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Myxozoa
Myxosporea
Myxobolus
Leuciscus
Animal ecology
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Myxosporea
Myxozoa
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Myxosporean infections that we diagnosed frequently in the urinary tract of Cynoscion nebulosus (Cuvier, 1830) and Cynoscion regalis (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) (Sciaenidae) collected in the estuarine systems of SC, USA, are described together with their etiological agent. Based on the morphology of spores and plasmodial stages, we identified the agent, in both fish host species, as Sinuolinea dimorpha (Davis, 1916), which is the type species of the genus. Based on sequences of SSU rDNA generated in this study from type host material, this species of SinuolineaDavis, 1917 has found its place in the current phylogenetic reconstruction of Myxozoa and enlarged the limited number of myxosporean genera represented in phylogenetic analyses by sequences of type species. Sequences of SSU rDNA of S. dimorpha from Cynoscion host species formed two clusters, irrespective of their host species, and also revealed differences within each cluster. These findings contribute to the acknowledgement of myxosporean cryptic species diversity, an important topic that emphasizes the general necessity of species delimitation and of continued effort to improve our knowledge of Myxosporea based on both morphology of spores and molecular data.
Myxosporea
Myxozoa
Sciaenidae
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Myxozoa
Animal ecology
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