Photon Detection Systems for Modern Cherenkov Detectors
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Abstract:
Modern experiments in hadronic physics require detector systems capable of identifying and reconstructing all final–state particle and their momentum vectors. The ANDA experiment at FAIR and the CLAS 12 experiment and Jefferson Laboratory both plan to use imaging Cherenkov counters for particle identification. CLAS 12 will feature a Ring Imaging CHerenkov counter (RICH), while ANDA plans to construct Cherenkov counters relying on the Detections of Internally Reflected Cherenkov light (DIRC). These detectors require high–rate, single–photon capable light detection systems with sufficient granularity and position resolution. Several candidate systems are available, ranging from multi–anode photomultiplier tubes to micro–channel plate systems to silicon photomultipliers. Each of these detection solutions has particular advantages and disadvantages. Detailed studies of the rate dependence, cross–talk, time–resolution and position resolution fro a range of commercially available photon detection solutions are presented and evaluated on their applicability to the ANDA and CLAS12 Cherenkov counters.Keywords:
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Cherenkov detector
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The particle identification system of the KEDR detector is based on aerogel threshold Cherenkov counters ASHIPH (Aerogel, SHifter, PHotomultiplier).The simulation program of the ASHIPH counters was developed on the base of the Geant3.21 package and integrated into the KEDR full detector simulation.
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Silicon Photomultiplier
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A stilbene crystal was coupled to a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) to assess the performance of the detector's pulse shape discrimination (PSD) between fast neutrons and gamma rays. Pulses were digitized from a measurement of Cf-252 and digital charge comparison was used to perform PSD. The stilbene crystal was then coupled to a photomultiplier tube (PMT) and the measurement was repeated. The PSD performance when using the SiPM was compared to that of the system using the PMT. Both systems demonstrate efficient ability to discriminate between neutrons and gamma rays. While PMTs have long been the standard technology for light readout, SiPMs show similar capabilities while being less expensive, significantly more compact in size, significantly less sensitive to magnetic fields, and having lower power requirements. Potential drawbacks of SiPMs include elevated levels of noise and nonlinearity at high energies.
Silicon Photomultiplier
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Cherenkov detector
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Main properties of the multi-anode microchannel plate photomultiplier to be used in a Cherenkov detector are discussed. The laboratory test results obtained using irradiation of the MCP-PMT photocathode by picosecond optical laser pulses with different intensities (from single photon regime to the PMT saturation conditions) are presented.
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Cherenkov detector
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