Stability of Active Ingredients of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)
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Abstract:
Studies on stability of active ingredients are fundamental and critical for the rational development of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in view of its modernization and worldwide use. The stability of both active and marker constituents of plants used in TCM is reviewed for the first time. More than 100 papers, mostly written in Chinese, have been reviewed. Studies concerning plant constituents were analyzed according to their chemical classification of active ingredients. In addition, several crude drugs of animal origin are also reported. Stability of active ingredients is summarized during extraction and/or storage of the herbal drug preparations, and under stress conditions (pH, temperature, solvents, light, and humidity) and in the presence of preservatives, antioxidants, and metals.Keywords:
Active principle
Active compound
The paper presents a method of increasing the permeability of various active substances through the skin by means of a rotating magnetic field. The study used 50 Hz RMF and various active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) such as caffeine, ibuprofen, naproxen, ketoprofen, and paracetamol. Various concentrations of active substance solutions in ethanol were used in the research, corresponding to those in commercial preparations. Each experiment was conducted for 24 h. It was shown that, regardless of the active compound used, an increase in drug transport through the skin was observed with RMF exposure. Furthermore, the release profiles depended on the active substance used. Exposure to a rotating magnetic field has been shown to effectively increase the permeability of an active substance through the skin.
Ketoprofen
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Ibuprofen
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Site of action
Cuticle (hair)
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Ingredient
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The extraction method has a great influence on the yield, quality, chemical structure, and biological activities of active ingredients. Safe and efficient extraction of active ingredients is one of the important problems facing the food and pharmaceutical industry. As a pretreatment approach for the extraction of active ingredients, dynamic high pressure microfluidization (DHPM) is a promising strategy that can not only effectively increase the yield of active ingredients but also strengthen the bioactivities of active ingredients, and take the advantages of mild operating temperature and environmental friendliness. In this review, the research progress of DHPM-assisted extraction of active ingredients from plant materials in recent ten years is overviewed. The DHPM equipment, strengthening mechanism, operating procedure, critical factors and application of DHPM-assisted extraction are introduced in detail, together with the advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, its future development trend is discussed at the end. DHPM-assisted extraction is considered as the ideal technique of better homogenization effects, less solvent consumption, more reliable operation, and so on, making it a promising method to acquire active ingredients efficiently. Therefore, this technique is worthy of further theoretical research and experimental operation.
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Active compound
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A novel in vitro assay for the discovery of anticancer agents was used to examine aqueous and organic extracts from 1847 plants collected mainly in the U.S. Southwest and West. The assay results were separated into 5 categories: inactive (62%), equally active (36%), equally active and potent (0.5%), solid tumor selective (1.4%), and human selective (0.8%). Extracts from the latter three categories were fractionated using the in vitro assay to biodirect each step. Psorothamnus emoryi extracts were solid tumor selective and yielded two active compounds upon fractionation: dalrubone and 5‐methoxydalrubone. Calocedrus decurrens was equally active and potent and yielded deoxypodophyllotoxin as the active compound. Linanthus floribundus was human selective and yielded strophanthidin as the active compound. The potential of this assay to discover novel anticancer agents from the active extracts is discussed.
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Acne vulgaris is one of the most prevalent dermatological diseases. Proper cosmetic treatment can significantly improve the condition. When choosing an active ingredient for a cosmetic product, it is important to evaluate the cost-effectiveness ratio. The aim of this study was to perform a cost-effective analysis of selected cosmetic complexes for the treatment of acne in order to make the right choice when developing a new cosmetic product. Bulgarian and foreign literature was searched to select active cosmetic complexes. For the analysis, four active complexes (A, B, C and D) were selected for which an in vitro efficacy test was performed - inhibition of 5α-reductase. The results from the cost-effectiveness analysis showed that the active complex B dominated over the remaining complexes in respect of the cost-effectiveness ratio. Complex C was superior to active complexes D and A. Active complex D is dominated byactive complex A. Active complex B, which is an osmotic gel with oleanolic acid from olive leaf and nordihydroguaiaretic acid, could be considered as a cost-effective alternative in the choice of an active ingredient when developing a cosmetic product.
Lotion
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Ultrasonic which had the advantages of simple,rapid,no heating,no destroying to the structure of active substances,high extraction rate and so on,is as a natural product extraction technology for active ingredients.This paper summarized the principle for ultrasonic extraction of active ingredients of natural products,and the research progress on of alkaloids,anthraquinones,volatile oil,saponins,functional polysaccharides,flavonoids,vitamins and other active ingredients,and presented the problems of ultrasonic extraction technology in the industrial application.
Anthraquinones
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Natural product
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Fast Dissolving/Disintegrating Dosage Forms (FDDFs) are a group of dosage forms which dissolve or disintegrate quickly, leading to fast distribution of active ingredients at the site of administration; thereby providing ease of oral ingestion of solid unit dosage forms and have the potential to enhance transmucosal absorption. With time, the use of FDDFs in alternative systems has significantly increased. Homeopathic systems and traditional Chinese medicine have embraced FDDFs for the delivery of active compounds. Most of the patents in this area are from China or by the Chinese innovators. In Europe and US, FDDFs have been extensively studied for the delivery of natural active compounds. It was fascinating to know that some new dosage forms and new routes of delivering active compounds are also making their way to the family of FDDFs. The dose of active compound, size of dosage forms, standardization of extracts, polyherbal mixtures, stability of active compounds, safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics are challenging issues for developing FDDF herbal formulations or phytopharmaceuticals.
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In this work, active pharmaceutical ingredients release from aerogel particles and active pharmaceutical ingredients transportation processes were investigated. Experimental studies were carried out on the release of various types of active pharmaceutical ingredients from various types of aerogel particles. Release curves were obtained. A hybrid model using the lattice Boltzmann method and a cellular automata approach to simulate the release of active pharmaceutical ingredients from aerogel particles and active pharmaceutical ingredients transport processes is proposed. The proposed model can be used in new drug development, which allows partially replacing full-scale experiments with computational ones, therefore reducing the experimental studies cost.
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Lattice Boltzmann methods
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Studies on stability of active ingredients are fundamental and critical for the rational development of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in view of its modernization and worldwide use. The stability of both active and marker constituents of plants used in TCM is reviewed for the first time. More than 100 papers, mostly written in Chinese, have been reviewed. Studies concerning plant constituents were analyzed according to their chemical classification of active ingredients. In addition, several crude drugs of animal origin are also reported. Stability of active ingredients is summarized during extraction and/or storage of the herbal drug preparations, and under stress conditions (pH, temperature, solvents, light, and humidity) and in the presence of preservatives, antioxidants, and metals.
Active principle
Active compound
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Citations (22)