A fluorometric protein assay suitable for histones based on lysine content
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Enteral administration
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Abstract The arginine and lysine residues of calf thymus histone H1 were modified with large molar excesses of 2,3‐butanedione and O ‐methylisourea, respectively. Kinetic study of the modification reaction of the arginine residue revealed that the reaction is divided into the two pseudo‐first‐order processes. About a third (1 Arg) of the total arginine residues of the H1 molecule was rapidly modified without causing any detectable structural change of the molecule, and the slow modification of the remaining arginine residues (2 Arg) led to a loss of the folded structure of H1. In the case of lysine residue modification, 93% (56 Lys) of the total lysine residues of the H1 was modified with the same rate constant, while 7% (4 Lys) of lysine residue remained unmodified. When the reaction was performed in the presence of 6 M guanidine‐HCl, all of lysine residues were modified. It is concluded that the 2 arginine and 4 lysine residues resistant to modification are buried in interior regions of the H1 molecule and play an important role in the formation of the H1 globular structure, while the other 1 arginine and 56 lysine residues are exposed to solvent.
Residue (chemistry)
Chemical modification
Guanidine
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Abstract 1. A chick experiment was designed to test whether the proven effect of excess protein on the requirement for lysine was associated with the arginine content of the protein. 2. Protein contents of 180, 220, 260 and 300 g/kg diet were fed in combination with lysine concentrations of 38, 43, 48, 53 and 58 g/kg crude protein and arginine concentrations of 49–4 or 68–4 g/kg crude protein. 3. Growth rate and efficiency of food utilisation were not significantly affected by the arginine content of the protein. Significant responses to lysine were obtained at all protein contents. 4. Lysine required for maximum growth or maximum food efficiency increased in direct proportion to the protein content of the diet and was not affected by arginine content of the diet within the range of concentrations tested.
Dietary protein
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Abstract 1. The arginine and lysine requirements for maximum growth of the 3‐week‐old turkey, determined in a factorial manner, were 1.75% arginine and 1.55% lysine. 2. It is demonstrated that the arginine required to support a growth rate of about 20 g/d is similar in turkeys and chicks, suggesting that the efficiency with which dietary arginine was utilised for growth is similar in both species.
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Gelatin
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A crystalline amino acid diet was modified to be limiting in arginine to study the effects of excess dietary lysine on the utilization of and requirement for arginine by the chick. At the same level of feed and arginine consumption, chicks fed a diet containing 0.95% lysine gained faster than those fed a diet containing 1.95% lysine. Chicks responded to supplemental arginine when fed either level of lysine, but the growth response was considerably greater when chicks were fed ad libitum than when they were equal fed. The results indicate that excess dietary lysine not only reduces feed intake but also impairs arginine utilization. These effects of excess lysine are reflected by a 51% increase in the dietary arginine requirement of chicks fed approximately 1% excess dietary lysine. The magnitude of increase in the arginine requirement is close to that predicted from slope-ratio assays reported in a previous study.
Limiting
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Synopsis A series of trials with cross‐bred, day‐old chicks was carried out to check on the specificity of the arginine‐lysine interaction postulated by several workers. We have concluded that this interaction is a nonspecific manifestation of a general phenomenon of amino‐acid detoxification. Our conclusions are, in part, based on the following observations: Amino acids other than lysine could be shown to depress growth. Isonitrogenous supplements of phenylalanine and of methio‐nine caused much more severe growth depressions than equivalent amounts of lysine. The addition of arginine plus glycine partially alleviated these depressions although much more effectively for lysine than for phenylalanine or methionine. There was no reciprocity in the arginine‐lysine interaction; i.e. excess arginine added to lysine‐deficient diets had no depressing effect.
Reciprocity
Amino Acid Analysis
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