FourU: a novel type of RNA thermometer in Salmonella
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Summary The translation of many heat shock and virulence genes is controlled by RNA thermometers. Usually, they are located in the 5′‐untranslated region (5′‐UTR) and block the Shine‐Dalgarno (SD) sequence by base pairing. Destabilization of the structure at elevated temperature permits ribosome binding and translation initiation. We have identified a new type of RNA thermometer in the 5′‐UTR of the Salmonella agsA gene, which codes for a small heat shock protein. Transcription of the agsA gene is controlled by the alternative sigma factor σ 32 . Additional translational control depends on a stretch of four uridines that pair with the SD sequence. Mutations in this region affect translation in vivo . Structure probing experiments demonstrate a temperature‐controlled opening of the SD region in vitro . Toeprinting (primer extension inhibition) shows that ribosome binding is dependent on high temperatures. Together with a postulated RNA thermometer upstream of the Yersinia pestis virulence gene lcrF ( virF ), the 5′‐UTR of Salmonella agsA might be the founding member of a new class of RNA thermometers that we propose to name ‘fourU’ thermometers.Keywords:
Thermometer
Infectivity
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Introduces a contactless thermometer in mining based on infrared thermopile technology.This contactless thermometer is based on infrared thermopile technology.Different from past infrared thermometer,this thermometer integrate environmental temperature measurement and target temperature measurement in a chip-scale.So reduced trouble of many temperature measurement and ranging.The thermometer have a higher precision,good real-time and is convenient for user to carry.
Thermometer
Thermopile
Infrared thermometer
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In a soil bioassay, adult Deroceras reticulatum (Stylommatophora: Limacidae) and three different weight-classes of young Arion lusitanicus (Stylommatophora: Arionidae) were exposed to a single dosage (170 dauer larvae per g of soil) of the nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita monoxenically associated with the bacterium Moraxella osloensis. Groups of 10 slugs were continuously exposed to nematodes for 4 days, and then transferred individually to Petri-dishes containing a disc of Chinese cabbage as food. Food consumption—measured by image analysis—and slug mortality were recorded daily for 10 days. Food consumption was inhibited in both slug species tested. D. reticulatum stopped feeding 6 days after the start of nematode treatment, while all A. lusitanicus continued to feed. However, in the three weight-classes of A. lusitanicus (0.15 g, 0.24 g, 0.45 g), food consumption was reduced by at least 50 %. The greatest reduction in feeding, nearly 90 %, was noted in the smallest A. lusitanicus. The nematodes successfully killed D. reticulatum but were less efficient at killing young A. lusitanicus. At the end of the experiment, mortality was highest in D. reticultatum (98 %) and the smallest weight-class of A. lusitanicus (47 %). There was almost no mortality in the largest weight-class of A. lusitanicus treated with nematodes. P. hermaphrodita associated with M. osloensis can thus be considered as a biological control agent for young stages of A. lusitanicus for its effect as a feeding inhibitor, rather than for its ability to kill the slugs.
Slug
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In response to DNA damage, p53 undergoes post-translational modifications (including acetylation) that are critical for its transcriptional activity. However, the mechanism by which p53 acetylation is regulated is still unclear. Here, we describe an essential role for HLA-B-associated transcript 3 (Bat3)/Scythe in controlling the acetylation of p53 required for DNA damage responses. Depletion of Bat3 from human and mouse cells markedly impairs p53-mediated transactivation of its target genes Puma and p21 . Although DNA damage-induced phosphorylation, stabilization, and nuclear accumulation of p53 are not significantly affected by Bat3 depletion, p53 acetylation is almost completely abolished. Bat3 forms a complex with p300, and an increased amount of Bat3 enhances the recruitment of p53 to p300 and facilitates subsequent p53 acetylation. In contrast, Bat3-depleted cells show reduced p53–p300 complex formation and decreased p53 acetylation. Furthermore, consistent with our in vitro findings, thymocytes from Bat3-deficient mice exhibit reduced induction of puma and p21, and are resistant to DNA damage-induced apoptosis in vivo. Our data indicate that Bat3 is a novel and essential regulator of p53-mediated responses to genotoxic stress, and that Bat3 controls DNA damage-induced acetylation of p53.
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This study aims to provide a better nursing service in the dimension of economizing time and human efforts. This is to present some basic knowledge necessary to improving a nursing quality in measuring body temperature by analyzing the contents that the objects experienced at the time of measure with tympanic thermometer and mercury thermometer Subjects of the survey consisted of 71 college students, 47 adult patients and 40 pediatric patients. The results were as follows : 1. The oral temperature by mercury thermometer and tympanic thermometer with oral mode was : by mercury thermometer and by tympanic thermometer in college students : it showed an significant difference statistically. 2. Comparsion between oral mode and rectal mode by tympanic thermometer in college students : by oral mode and by rectal mode and this defference was significant statistically 3. Comparision between rectal temperature by mercury thermometer and rectal mode of tympanic thermometer : by mercury thermometer and by tympanic thermometer, it showed a significant difference statistically. 4. Comparision between oral temperature by mercury thermometer and oral mode of tympanic thermometer of the pediatric patients : by mercury temperature and by tympanic thermometer, it showed a significant difference statistically. 5. Comparision between oral body temperature by mercury thermometer and oral mode of tympanic thermometer of the adult patients : by mercury thermometer and by tympanic thermometer, it did not show statistically any difference. 6. At the measure by mercury thermometer this data can classified In three main categorise : their feeling to a thermometer, thermometer itself and aspect physical of the clients. It is considered that an subjective experience to tympanic thermometer was more positive.
Thermometer
Rectal temperature
Mercury
Infrared thermometer
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Holcus lanatus
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Objective:To determine whether there is any difference between the temperature reading measured by the dynamic distant thermometer and mercury thermometer.Method:The body temperatures in the 100 emergency patients were measured by the dynamic distant thermometer and mercury thermometer.The reading data were analyzed statistically.Results:The average body temperatures with the dynamic distant thermometer was 36.9±0.7°C,which was no significant difference with the results measured by mercury thermometer(36.8±0.7°C,P0.05).The body temperature measured by dynamic distant thermometer was correlated highly with the mercury thermometer(r=0.981,P0.001).Conclusion:The dynamic distant thermometer is an accurate method for measuring body temperature,and maybe safer and easy use than the mercury thermometer in the daily clinical practice.
Thermometer
Mercury
Infrared thermometer
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HLA-B-associated transcript 3 (BAT3) was originally identified as one of the genes located within human major histocompatibility complex. It encodes a large proline-rich protein with unknown function. In this study, we found that a fragment of the BAT3 gene product interacts with a candidate tumor suppressor, DAN, in the yeast-based two-hybrid system. We cloned the full-length rat BAT3 cDNA from a fibroblast 3Y1 cDNA library. Our sequence analysis has demonstrated that rat BAT3 cDNA is 3617 nucleotides in length and encodes a full-length BAT3 (1098 amino acids) with an estimated molecular mass of 114,801 daltons, which displays an 87.4% identity with human BAT3. The deletion experiment revealed that the N-terminal region (amino acid residues 1-80) of DAN was required for the interaction with BAT3. Green fluorescent protein-tagged BAT3 was largely localized in the cytoplasm of COS cells. Northern hybridization showed that BAT3 mRNA was expressed in all the adult rat tissues examined but predominantly in testis. In addition, the level of BAT3 mRNA expression was more downregulated in some of the transformed cells, including v-mos- and v-Ha-ras-transformed 3Y1 cells, than in the parental cells.
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SUMMARY A hitherto unrecorded virus having flexible rod‐shaped particles about 740–760 × 13 nm was isolated from Anthoxanthum odoratwn L. It was transmitted by sap inoculation, but not by several species of insect, seed or soil to 18 species of Gramineae including wheat, oats and barley. In susceptible species the virus normally produced a mosaic mottling of the leaves which was sometimes followed by a necrotic streaking or striping.
Mosaic virus
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