Protecting Human Health From Air Pollution
433
Citation
46
Reference
10
Related Paper
Citation Trend
Abstract:
To date, the assessment of public health consequences of air pollution has largely focused on a single-pollutant approach aimed at estimating the increased risk of adverse health outcomes associated with the exposure to a single air pollutant, adjusted for the exposure to other air pollutants. However, air masses always contain many pollutants in differing amounts, depending on the types of emission sources and atmospheric conditions. Because humans are simultaneously exposed to a complex mixture of air pollutants, many organizations have encouraged moving towards "a multipollutant approach to air quality." Although there is general agreement that multipollutant approaches are desirable, the challenges of implementing them are vast.Keywords:
Criteria air contaminants
This study explored the relationship between the actual level of air pollution and residents’ concern about air pollution. The actual air pollution level was measured by the air quality index (AQI) reported by environmental monitoring stations, while residents’ concern about air pollution was reflected by the Baidu index using the Internet search engine keywords “Shanghai air quality”. On the basis of the daily data of 2068 days for the city of Shanghai in China over the period between 2 December 2013 and 31 July 2019, a vector autoregression (VAR) model was built for empirical analysis. Estimation results provided three interesting findings. (1) Local residents perceived the deprivation of air quality and expressed their concern on air pollution quickly, within the day on which the air quality index rose. (2) A decline in air quality in another major city, such as Beijing, also raised the concern of Shanghai residents about local air quality. (3) A rise in Shanghai residents’ concern had a beneficial impact on air quality improvement. This study implied that people really cared much about local air quality, and it was beneficial to inform more residents about the situation of local air quality and the risks associated with air pollution.
Air Pollution Index
Cite
Citations (60)
The Nested Air Quality Prediction Model System (NAQPMS) with an on-line tracer tagging module was applied to simulate air quality over Guangzhou in November 2006 in preparation for the Asian Games to be held in November 2010. The contribution of emissions from different cities in the Pearl River Delta to NO2,SO2 and PM10 concentrations was quantified for three receptor regions: Guangzhou district,Guangzhou urban area and at 6 additional observation stations set up for the Asian Games. The results indicate that NAQPMS can reproduce the evolution of NO2,SO2 and PM10 concentrations over Guangzhou reasonably well. Air pollutants over the three receptor regions mainly come from local emissions,with the contributions from Dongguan larger than those from other neighboring cities. Of the three receptor regions,the Guangzhou urban area is the most significantly affected by local emissions,with monthly average contributions to NO2,SO2 and PM10 concentrations of 89. 5% 、75. 4% and 86. 7% . Emissions from Dongguan have a larger impact on the concentration of air pollutants at the 6 additional observation stations set up for the Asian Games than at the other receptor regions,with monthly average contributions to NO2,SO2 and PM10 concentrations of 9. 3% ,23. 8% and 21. 7% ,and the maximum daily average contributions are as high as 19. 3% ,40. 2% and 48. 7% . Therefore in order to effectively improve the air quality around Asian Games venues,the government should take effective measures to control emissions from surrounding cities,especially Dongguan,as well as reducing local emissions in Guangzhou.
Asian games
Criteria air contaminants
Urban area
Cite
Citations (7)
This chapter presents the most common approaches of the regulatory framework for air quality and air dispersion modeling. The first major federal initiative in the United States to regulate air quality was the Clean Air Act of 1963. The Clean Air Act required the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to develop air quality standards. Air emissions are regulated by the states. They are responsible to ensure that the air quality standards are met. Each state (U.S.) and province (Canada) has its own air quality standards, based on the local conditions, industry, and the like. A screening technique in air dispersion modeling is the use of a simple model such as SCREEN3 to calculate the worst-case scenario resulting from a proposed air pollution source. When screening techniques predict the ambient air quality objectives to be exceeded, a refined modeling technique must be used to evaluate the proposed pollution source.
Clean Air Act
AERMOD
Cite
Citations (1)
The methodology of the recently developed Daily Air Quality Index (DAQx) and Long-term Air Quality Index (LAQx) is explained. Both indices consider air pollutants frequently monitored at long-term stations within official air pollution control networks. Therefore, they enable an assessment of the integral air pollution, which reflects the ambient air consisting of a mixture of air pollutants more realistic. Both air quality indices are impact related with respect to people. On the basis of results of extensive investigations in environmental medicine and toxicology, they quantify the impacts of a mixture of air pollutants, which is typical of the ambient air, on well-being and health of people in the form of six index classes and ranges of index values, respectively. To analyse the sensitivity of DAQx and LAQx, air pollutant data for the period 1995-2003 were used. They originate from selected stations within the official air pollution monitoring network in the South-West of Germany, which are characterised by different emission conditions.
Air Pollution Index
Criteria air contaminants
Air pollutant concentrations
Cite
Citations (18)
Air Pollution Index
Air pollutant concentrations
Cite
Citations (31)
To date, the assessment of public health consequences of air pollution has largely focused on a single-pollutant approach aimed at estimating the increased risk of adverse health outcomes associated with the exposure to a single air pollutant, adjusted for the exposure to other air pollutants. However, air masses always contain many pollutants in differing amounts, depending on the types of emission sources and atmospheric conditions. Because humans are simultaneously exposed to a complex mixture of air pollutants, many organizations have encouraged moving towards "a multipollutant approach to air quality." Although there is general agreement that multipollutant approaches are desirable, the challenges of implementing them are vast.
Criteria air contaminants
Cite
Citations (433)
Criteria air contaminants
Air Pollution Index
Air pollutant concentrations
Cite
Citations (0)
The air quality in Taiwan, at present, is determined by a pollution standard index (PSI) that is applied to areas of possible serious air pollution and Air Quality Total Quantity Control Districts (AQTQCD). Many studies, both in Taiwan and in other countries have examined the characteristics and levels of air pollution with PSI. This study uses air quality data collected from eight automatic air quality monitoring stations in an AQTQCD in central Taiwan and discusses the correlation between air quality variables with statistical analysis in an attempt to accurately reflect the difference of air quality observed by each monitoring station as well as to establish an air quality classification system suitable for the whole Taiwan. After using factor analysis (FA), seven air pollutants are grouped into three factors: organic, photochemical, and fuel. These three factors are the dominant ones in regards to the air quality of central Taiwan. Cluster analysis is used to classify air quality in central Taiwan into five clusters to present different characteristics and pollution degrees of air quality. This research results should serve as a reference for those involved in the review of air quality management effectiveness and/or the enactment of management control strategies.
Air monitoring
Statistical Analysis
Air Pollution Index
Cite
Citations (10)
Air pollution is the result of economic growth and urbanization. Air pollution has been progressively recognized as a serious problem for cities, through widespread effects on health and well-being. There is less concern from stakeholders about greenness and air pollution mitigating factors in an urban area. This research targeted to indicate the spatial dissemination of greenery, air quality levels (PM2.5, PM10, CO2, and AQI), and exposure to air quality-related health risks for the people in the urban area.The data were collected by measuring air quality at transportation stations and manufacturing industries with Air visual pro, then observing and mapping greenness in the city within the administrative boundary by GIS (street greenery, forest, availability of greenness in the manufacturing industry), and lastly questionnaire and interview were employed for air quality-related health issues. Then, the air quality data were analyzed by using USAQI standards and health messages. Both quantitative and qualitative research approach had employed to explore air pollution levels, availability of greenness, and air quality-related health issues. Moreover, Health questionnaires and greenness were correlated with air quality levels by a simple linear regression model.The result indicated that there was unhealthy air quality in the transportation and manufacturing industries. The measured air quality showed in a range of 50.13-96.84 μg/m3 of PM2.5, 645-1764 ppm of CO2, and 137-179 Air quality index (AQI). The highest mean of PM2.5 and air quality concentrations at Addis Ababa transportation stations and manufacturing sites ranged between 63.46 and 104.45 μg/m3 and 179-326, respectively. It was observed with less street greenery and greenness available in residential, commercial areas, and manufacturing industries. The pollution level was beyond the limit of WHO standards. The result has shown a health risk to the public in the city, particularly for drivers, street vendors, and manufacturing industry employees. Among 480 respondents, 57.92% experienced health risks due to air pollution by medical evidence.High health risks due to industries and old motor vehicles in the city need to be reduced by introducing policies and strategies for low-carbon, minimizing traveling distance, encouraging high occupancy vehicles, and promoting a green legacy in the street network and green building.
Cite
Citations (38)
Air pollution, one of the most serious problems in the world also manifests as a major risk to health and the environment. This study focuses on analysing the air quality trends by means of Air Quality Index (AQI) and the pollutant levels in India over the years of 2016-2018. The results show that air quality has been plummeting as years pass by and calculation of parameters such as AQI(Air quality index) helped us arrive at this conclusion. The hourly changes revealed that peaks of pollutant levels from 8:00 - 10:00 as well as 17:00 - 19:00. Striking trends were observed with respect to bandh days, festivals and harvesting seasons.Rainfall confirms to a negative correlation with pollution levels. Investigation results elucidates that industrial activities, indiscriminate open air burning of crops by the farmers, vehicular traffic etc. are responsible for the high concentration of pollutants. A first principles method of forecasting pollution levels reveals that a naive set of parameters do not prove to be efficacious.
Air Pollution Index
Criteria air contaminants
Air pollutant concentrations
Cite
Citations (0)