Propofol inhibits potassium chloride induced contractions of isolated human umbilical vessels
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We have evaluated the effects of propofol and its relationship with K+ channels on human isolated umbilical vessels.Umbilical vessel rings were suspended in isolated organ baths containing Krebs-Ringer solution. In the first series of experiments the effect of propofol (10(-9)-10(-4) M) was examined in a concentration-dependent manner on umbilical vessels precontracted with KCl (60 mmol). In the second series, these effects were studied in the presence of tetraethylammonium.A mild contraction was produced by low dose propofol in both precontracted umbilical artery and umbilical vein segments. 10(-4) M propofol caused significant relaxation in both umbilical artery and umbilical vein. The relaxation response was significantly reduced by the addition of 10(-1) M tetraethylammonium.These results suggested that the responses of propofol on KCl-induced contractions of both umbilical artery and vein were dose dependent, and this effect involved Ca2+ activated K+ channels.Keywords:
Tetraethylammonium chloride
Tetraethylammonium
Umbilical artery
1. The effect of tetraethylammonium ions (TEA) on potassium or rubidium permeability was studied in canine tracheal smooth muscle. 2. TEA (15‐30 mM) markedly increased the rate of 42K‐ and 86Rb‐efflux in normal Krebs solution. This increase is probably due mainly to the occurrence of electrical activity such as spike potentials and only partially to depolarization. 3. The rate coefficients of 42K‐ and 86Rb‐efflux from depolarized tracheal smooth muscle bathed in a medium with elevated potassium (50‐100 mM) were so large that the coefficients did not remain constant. When chloride ions in the medium were replaced with larger anions such as acetate, propionate or benzoate, the rate of 86Rb‐efflux remained constant even in high‐potassium solution (70 mM). 4. TEA caused a remarkable blockade of 86Rb‐efflux in depolarized tracheal smooth muscle. The maximum decrease in the rate coefficient by TEA was approximately 52.5% of the control value in high‐potassium‐acetate solution. The dissociation constant for the interaction between TEA and its sites of action on the cell membrane was about 0.93 mM. 5. Spontaneous activity was, however, elicited only when TEA was added at a concentration of 10‐30 mM and the membrane was depolarized more than 15‐20 mV. It is assumed that TEA blocks not only the voltage‐sensitive potassium conductance but also the conductance in the resting state, and that the latter may be possibly less sensitive to TEA.
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No AccessJournal of Urology1 Nov 1988Purulent Umbilical Drainage From Infection of Left Umbilical Artery Associated With Open Umbilicoperitoneal Communication S.-O. Choi, W.-H. Park, and J.-S. Kang S.-O. ChoiS.-O. Choi More articles by this author , W.-H. ParkW.-H. Park More articles by this author , and J.-S. KangJ.-S. Kang More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)41960-4AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Purulent Umbilical Drainage From Infection of Left Umbilical Artery Associated With Open Umbilicoperitoneal Communication." The Journal of Urology, 140(5 Part 1), p. 1080 © 1988 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 140Issue 5 Part 1November 1988Page: 1080 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1988 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information S.-O. Choi More articles by this author W.-H. Park More articles by this author J.-S. Kang More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
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Summary The umbilical stalk, vein, and arteries, urachal region, and urinary bladder of 9 healthy Holstein calves were scanned ultrasonographically at weekly intervals from 1 day to 3 weeks of age. Four additional calves of representative ages, 1 day, 1 week, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks were euthanatized after ultrasonographic evaluation of the umbilical structures. Umbilical structures from these 4 calves were dissected, photographed, and examined histologically to ensure normalcy. These gross specimens were correlated with the ultrasonographic images and compared with serial ultrasonograms of 9 calves. The ultrasonographic scanning technique and the appearance of normal umbilical stalk, arteries, and vein, and urachus in calves were different from those described for foals. The umbilical vein of calves was scanned from the umbilical stalk to the liver along the right abdominal wall. Two veins, which merged within the body wall, were identified within the stalk. Umbilical arteries were not found within the umbilical stalk; they ended abruptly near the apex of the urinary bladder. A urachal remnant was not identified in any of the calves. A range of normal values for measurement of the umbilical stalk, umbilical arteries, and umbilical vein at 3 sites was determined. The described ultrasonographic appearance and measurements of the normal Holstein calf umbilicus may be used as a reference for evaluation of calves with internal umbilical abnormalities.
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SUMMARY The umbilical arteries, urachus, and umbilical vein were scanned ultrasonographically in 13 clinically normal foals that ranged in age from 6 hours to 4 weeks. Sonograms were obtained using a 7.5-MHz sector scanner transducer placed across the midline of the ventral portion of the foal’s abdominal wall. The umbilical vein was scanned from the umbilical stalk to its entrance into the hepatic parenchyma. The mean (± sd ) diameter of the umbilical vein was 0.61 ± 0.20 cm immediately cranial to the umbilical stalk, 0.52 ± 0.19 cm midway between the umbilicus and liver, and 0.6 ± 0.19 cm at the liver. The urachus and umbilical arteries were scanned from the umbilical stalk to the apex of the urinary bladder and had a mean total diameter of 1.75 ± 0.37 cm at the bladder apex. The umbilical arteries also were scanned along either side of the bladder and had a mean diameter of 0.85 ± 0.21 cm. These measurements and the ultrasonographic appearance of the internal umbilical structures from clinically normal foals can be used as references to diagnose abnormalities of the umbilical structures in neonatal foals.
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umbilical vein and the paired umbilical arteries.The stretching of the umbilical cord at parturition stimulates the contraction of the smooth muscle that surrounds the umbilicus. The body wall normally closes completely around the umbilical structures within a few days of birth, and as the animal matures the urachus atrophies to become a vestigial part of the bladder apex. The umbilical vein and umbilical arteries also regress, forming the round ligament of the liver and the lateral ligaments of the bladder respectively. Infection, herniation or combinations of the two are common problems associated with the umbilicus in the calf.
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Navel
Single umbilical artery
Urachus
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We have evaluated the effects of propofol and its relationship with K+ channels on human isolated umbilical vessels.Umbilical vessel rings were suspended in isolated organ baths containing Krebs-Ringer solution. In the first series of experiments the effect of propofol (10(-9)-10(-4) M) was examined in a concentration-dependent manner on umbilical vessels precontracted with KCl (60 mmol). In the second series, these effects were studied in the presence of tetraethylammonium.A mild contraction was produced by low dose propofol in both precontracted umbilical artery and umbilical vein segments. 10(-4) M propofol caused significant relaxation in both umbilical artery and umbilical vein. The relaxation response was significantly reduced by the addition of 10(-1) M tetraethylammonium.These results suggested that the responses of propofol on KCl-induced contractions of both umbilical artery and vein were dose dependent, and this effect involved Ca2+ activated K+ channels.
Tetraethylammonium chloride
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Umbilical artery
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The placement of umbilical catheters is an essential technique for the treatment of many newborns in unstable condition. This video will demonstrate the placement of catheters in the umbilical vein and the umbilical artery. Careful preparation, sterile technique, and attention to detail are instrumental in successful catheter placement. We will demonstrate the regional anatomy of the umbilicus, indications and contraindications for the insertion of an umbilical catheter, the recommended technique for catheter placement in both the umbilical artery and vein, selected complications associated with the procedure and suggestions for how to avoid them, and appropriate aftercare of the catheter. . . . .
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