Identification and molecular characterization of twin-arginine translocation system (Tat) in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae strain PXO99
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Strain (injury)
Rhizopus oryzae
Twin-arginine translocation pathway
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the causal bacterium of bacterial blight limits rice production globally. Currently, genome sequences for only a few X. oryzae pv. oryzae isolates are available from India. Based on the next-generation sequencing and single-molecule sequencing in real-time technologies, we present here the complete genome sequence of X. oryzae pv. oryzae race 4, a highly virulent member of the Indian X. oryzae pv. oryzae population that has been extensively used in different research studies. The genome data will contribute to our understanding of X. oryzae pv. oryzae genomic features and pave the way for research on rice–X. oryzae pv. oryzae interactions.
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Xanthomonas
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Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is the causal agent of rice bacterial blight disease. Numerous genes critical for virulence have been identified. This article reviews current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of X. oryzae pv. oryzae virulence.
Xanthomonas
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The plant bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae causes bacterial blight of rice, which is one of the most destructive rice diseases prevalent in Asia and parts of Africa. Despite many years of research, how X. oryzae pv. oryzae causes bacterial blight of rice is still not completely understood. Here, we show that the loss of the rocF gene caused a significant decrease in the virulence of X. oryzae pv. oryzae in the susceptible rice cultivar IR24. Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that rocF encodes arginase. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot assays revealed that rocF expression was significantly induced by rice and arginine. The rocF deletion mutant strain showed elevated sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide, reduced extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production, and reduced biofilm formation, all of which are important determinants for the full virulence of X. oryzae pv. oryzae, compared with the wild-type strain. Taken together, the results of this study revealed a mechanism by which a bacterial arginase is required for the full virulence of X. oryzae pv. oryzae on rice because of its contribution to tolerance to reactive oxygen species, EPS production, and biofilm formation.
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Bacterial leaf blight,a lethal disease of rice caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae(Ishiyama),is one of the most destructive diseases of rice in Asia.Understanding the interaction between the bacterial avrXa3 gene and its host rice resistance gene is imperative for the development of effective disease controls.PXO99△avr,an avrXa3 gene deletion mutant,derived from PXO99A by homologous recombination was obtained.The avrXa3 was introduced into PXO99A and PXO99△avr to produce the derivatives,PXO99A/avrXa3 and PXO99△avr/avrXa3,and the interaction between the two derivatives and 36 rice varieties with different resistance genes was analyzed.The inoculation assays of 36 rice varieties showed that the pathogenic fitness of PXO99A/avrXa3 and PXO99△avr/avrXa3 on rice varieties had obviously changed,compared with PXO99A and PXO99△avr,respectively.The avrXa3 on eleven adult rice plants of Wase Aikoku 3,IRBB2,IRBB3,IRBB203,IRBB204,IRBB205,IRBB211,IRBB53,IRBB55,IR24 and TN-1,showed avirulence which was characterized with shortened lesion length,and the avrXa3 on six rice varieties of IRBB21,IRBB10,IRBB14,IR26,Cas209 and Java14,showed virulence which was featured by longer lesion length.Therefore,the avrXa3 showed significant interference with expression of other innoxious genes in PXO99A.The changes in individual effector molecules may cause the subtle alterations in bacterial pathogenicity of relevant rice varieties.
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국내에서 수집한 103 금주의 벼 흰잎마름병 균주를 한국 판별품종과 한 개의 저항성 유전자를 갖고 있는 4개의 준동질 계통에 병원성을 검정하였다. 청청벼, 풍산벼, 한강찰벼, 밀양42호는 저항성 유전자의 배경을 완전히 알 수 없어 벼 흰잎마름병균의 분류에 적합하지 않았다. IRBB101, IRBB103, IRBB105, IRBB107의 계통은 1개의 저항성 유전자를 갖고 있어 벼 흰잎마름병 균주의 레이스를 구분할 수 있었다. 이 계통들은 우리나라 벼 흰잎마름병균의 분류하는 판별품종으로 유용할 것으로 생각된다. 우리나라 벼 흰잎마름병 균주는 4개의 NIL과의 반응에 따라 3개의 레이스로 분류하였다. One hundred and three isolates of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in Korea were evaluated for their virulence on four near-isogenic lines (NILs) containing a single resistance gene, and Korean differential varieties. The resistant gene backgrounds of Cheongcheongbyeo, Pungsanbyeo, Hangangchalbyeo, Milyang42 were not completely understood and they were not suited for the classification of X. oryzae pv. oryzae. Four NILs, IRBB101, IRBB103, IRBB105, and IRBB107 were difference for characterizing races of X. oryzae pv. oryzae because they have a single resistance gene. These NILs may be useful differential set in examining pathogenic races of X. oryzae pv. oryzae in Korea. Based on the virulence of 103 isolates to new differential varieties, they were classified into 3 races.
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Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is the causative agent of bacterial leaf blight of rice. The application of bacteriophages may provide an effective tool against this bacterium. Here, we report the complete genome sequences of 10 newly isolated OP2-like X. oryzae pv. oryzae bacteriophages.
Xanthomonas
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Bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is one of the most important bacterial diseases on rice and is known to cause heavy economic loss. In the present study, 30 rice seed samples from affected regions were screened for the presence of X. oryzae. pv. oryzae and 20 isolates were identified based on morphological, physiological, biochemical tests and hypersensitive reaction (HR) on tobacco. Molecular detection using a 16S rRNA primer revealed DNA amplification in all 20 isolates, confirmed the pathogen as X. oryzae pv. oryzae.These amplified isolates were further confirmed by using a specific primer synthesized for the hypothetical protein gene. A 331-bp PCR product was obtained in 16 isolates.The application of these molecular tools in the characterization of X. oryzae pv. oryzae is discussed.
Primer (cosmetics)
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