Relationship between colony pigmentation and pathogenicity of Gaeumannomyces graminis to oats
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The experiment was conducted to study the biological characteristics of Gaeumannomyces graminis var.tritici. Twenty isolates which collected from Northwestern part of China were used.The results showed the fungus grew under the condition of 5～33℃,pH 4.0～10.0.When the temperature was 3℃ or 35℃,all isolates stopped growing.The optimum growth temperature was 25℃.Most of isolates could grow better when pH value was 6.0～8.0.The optimum growth pH value was 7.0.The experiment indicated that all isolates had the highest pathogenicity on wheat,had higher pathogenicity on sorghum,broomcorn millet and rice.Some of the isolates had weak virulence on millet,oat and maize.There was evidence of variation among isolates in their cultural characteristis and pathogenicity.The higher pathogenicity isolates grew faster than lower pathogenicity isolates.Several kinds of isolates which had different biological characteristics occured in the same region.
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The results indicated that pathogenicity of the fungus had a polygenic character and was controlled by 5-7 genes. Segregation in F_(1) generations distributed continuously, and the mean of pathogenicity in posterity was close to that in two parents. The heritability of pathogenicity was 54.36%-71.00%, with the mean of 62.32% The pathogenicity varied with environment remarkably. There was no correlation between pathogenicity and colours of colony.
Pathogenicity island
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Different methods for evaluating the pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia cerealis to wheat were tested with 7 isolates of the fungus.According to the results,a preferable method is to sow germinating wheat seeds in the PDA colony of the test isolated and incubated in growth chamber.The disease incidence was as high as 60 4% on average and the difference in disease severity between isolates was significant at the 5% probablility level. 30 isoates of Rhizoctonia cerealis were tested for their pathogenicity to wheat using this method.There were 4 pathogenicy types in these isolates.JR5,JR7,JR44 and other 7 isolates were classified as strong pathogenicity ;9 isolates such as JR127,JR13,JR52 and JR89 et al had less strong pathogenicity ;the pathogenicity of 6 isolates including JR117,JR2,JR47 and JR56 was weak. JR19 and JR22 had no pathogenicity to wheat.
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Three species of Pythium (P. okanoganense, P. vanterpoolii, P. volutum) were newly identified as pathogens of Pythium snow rot of wheat and barley in Japan. From the results on frequency of isolation and pathogenicity, it can be concluded that P. okanoganense is an important pathogen, like P. iwayamai and P. paddicum reported previously by other authors, but both P. vanterpoolii and P. volutum are minor.
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Sexual hybridizations were conducted between an albino mutant of low pathogenicity and wild isolates of high pathogenicity to reveal the inheritance of pathogenicity of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. Dry weight of shoots of diseased seedlings was used as measurement of pathogenicity. The results indicated that pathogenicity of the fungus had a polygenic character and was controlled by 5~7 genes. Segregation in F1 generations distributed continuously, and the mean of pathogenicity in posterity was close to that in two parents. The heritability of pathogenicity was 54.36 %~71.00%,with the mean of 62.32%.The pathogenicity varied with environment remarkably. There was no correlation between pathogenicity and colours of colony.
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