Cytocompatibility studies of vertically-aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes: Raw material and functionalized by oxygen plasma
Anderson Oliveira LoboMarcus Alexandre Finzi CoratE.F. AntunesSandra RamosCristina Pacheco SoaresE.J. Corat
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Carbon nanotube actuators
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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a primary nanomaterial that have outstanding physical and mechanical characteristics, and CNTs can be combined with cement-based materials to alter their heating characteristics. In this study, the types of CNTs used were multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Experiments were performed to determine the altered heating characteristics of the CNT cement mortars. The parameters of the experiment were CNT type, CNT content, curing age, and applied voltage. The results for the different CNT cement mortars indicate that mixing SWCNTs with water to produce CNT cement mortars was more effective for modifying the heating characteristics compared to mixing MWCNTs with water. In addition, field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) images supported the results found in the heating experiments.
Cementitious
Nanomaterials
Field emission microscopy
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Charpy impact test
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An experimental program was designed to synthesize and characterize carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and CNTs reinforced polymeric matrix nanocomposites. PMMA, and PS, matrices were adopted for this investigation using different percents of CNTs loading of 0, 1, 3, and 5 and wt%. Morphological characterization was carried out using SEM, TEM, and TEDM microscopy. Mechanical properties were also measured to evaluate the enhancement effect of the CNTs loading percent. The results revealed a remarkable enhancement of the strength and ductility of the matrix material at 3 wt% of reasonably dispersed CNTs.
Characterization
Ductility (Earth science)
Matrix (chemical analysis)
Polymer nanocomposite
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Reinforcing fibers, nanofillers, matrix materials, and manufacturing techniques all have a role in the mechanical characteristics of hybrid composites. MWCNTs-reinforced E-glass/Kevlar/epoxy composites are appropriate fillers for structural applications. The impact of different concentrations of MWCNT fillers (0.4%, 0.8%, and 1.2% wt) on the mechanical characteristics of hybrid composites has been studied. Tensile and bending strength, as well as hardness, were measured in compression-molded composites. The effects of compression pressure, mold temperature, and applied pressure on hybrid (0.8% MWCNT) were investigated. When it came to composite tensile and bending strength, compression pressure was the most important factor, closely succeeded by mold temperature and pressure period. Compression molding were optimized, resulting in a tensile strength of 183 MPa, a bending strength of 158.3 MPa, and a hardness value of 23.8 HV.
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Transfer molding
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Liquid nitrogen
Carbon fibers
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Glass fiber-reinforced epoxy resin (GFRE) composites filled with aluminum nitride (AlN) powder were fabricated, and their thermal and electrical properties were investigated. It is observed that with the increasing percentage of AlN particles, there is a significant enhancement in thermal conductivity and micro-hardness, but there is a decline in tensile strength. Experimental results demonstrate that the GFRE composites with 10 wt% of AlN loading show maximum dielectric breakdown strength of 30.26 kV/mm with minimum volume resistivity of 7.5 × 10 14 Ω cm and thermal conductivity value of 0.300 W/mK. Scanning electron microscopy studies were conducted to observe the voids and distribution of filler in composites.
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HNBR/short aramid fiber(DCAF)/fibrillar silicate(FS) composites were prepared by mechanical blending of in situ modified FS,DCAF and HNBR.The effects of the addition levels of DCAF and FS,and different lengths of DCAF on the structure and properties of the composites were investigated.The results showed that the moduli of the composites under both tension and compression conditions at small strain were increased by adding DCAF;the tensile properties and anisotropy of the composites could be improved when the length or addition levels of DCAF increased;the stress-strain behavior and compression modulus of the composites were improved significantly by adding FS.
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A scalable processing method was used to fabricate graphite fiber composites with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and the microstructures and properties of the fabricated laminates were investigated. SWCNTs were sprayed onto the surface of graphite/epoxy prepreg using an air spray. Interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) tests showed that the air spray processing had minimal effect on the quality of the laminates. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies showed that SWCNTs are distributed uniformly in the plane of the laminate but not in the thickness direction due to low resin flow during cure. At high concentrations (>1.0 wt%), combination of a rather thick band of SWCNTs and low resin flow caused lack of resin inside of SWCNT bundles. The properties positively affected are in-plane shear strength, interlaminar fracture toughness (mode I), compressive strength, and electrical conductivity. Those properties showed improvement particularly when a lower concentration of SWCNTs was used. Fractography study using SEM showed altered crack propagation and crack bridging due to the presence of SWCNTs. The out-of-plane electrical conductivity was improved by 144% for 2 wt% SWCNT samples compared to samples without SWCNTs.
Fractography
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Understanding of the effect of the multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) dispersion process on physical properties of MWCNT film is crucial in process optimization of MWCNT film-based products. In the present work, the electrical conduction property of MWCNT films according to various conditions in MWCNT dispersion is investigated. Spectroscopic analysis of dispersed MWCNTs show that the electrical resistance of the MWCNT conductive film is affected by an increase in the electrical contacts between adjacent CNTs due to CNT debundling and physical damage caused by ultrasonic processing. Based on the two conflicting parameters, dispersion guidelines for highly conductive MWCNT film are presented.
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