Compression after Impact and Charpy Impact Characterizations of Glass Fiber/Epoxy/MWCNT Composites
Özgür DemircanKemal KadıoğluPınar ÇolakErdinç GünaydınMustafa DoğuNeslihan TopalömerVolkan Eskizeybek
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Charpy impact test
A number of polystyrenes and rubber-modified polystyrenes were tested in an instrumented impact machine which could be set to either the Charpy or the Izod test configuration. Using simple beam considerations, the stress intensity factor, Kc calculated in either test mode was adequate to describe the fracture behaviour. The fracture toughness values were found to be in the range quoted in the literature. This work showed that Charpy and Izod test results may be directly compared independent of fracture mode.
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This research is impact testing using the Charpy and Izod methods, temperature variations of 1500 C, 2500 C and raw material as the research variable. The results of the Charpy test with a variation of 150 0C obtained a maximum absorbed energy of 97.65 J, with an impact value of 0.222 J/mm2. Then the maximum energy absorbed through testing at a temperature of 2500C is 78.28 Joules and the impact value is 0.177 J/mm2. Furthermore, the raw material test results showed that the maximum energy absorbed was 145.96 J with an impact value of 0.330 J/mm2. Izod testing with a temperature of 1500C obtained a maximum absorbed energy of 60.94 J with an impact value of 0.101 J/mm2. Furthermore, the maximum energy absorbed at a temperature of 2500C is 36.83 Joules and the impact value is 0.061 J/mm2. The raw material test results show that the maximum energy that can be absorbed is 80.53 J with an impact price of 0.133 J/mm2
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The failure mechanism of Charpy impact was introduced briefly.Influences of sapmle size,temperature,impact modifier,notch and the processing mode of notch on the impact strength of sample were analyzed.The results showed that:(1) the bigger the sample thickness and the experiment span,the bigger was the impact strength value;(2)the Charpy impact strength was reduced with the decrease of temperature;(3)the addition of ACR could improve Charpy impact strength;(4)influences of the top radius of notch on notch sensing materials were greater;(5)the impact strength of notched sample processed through one step was bigger while the impact strength of notched sample processed through secondary machining was smaller,and the impact strength of notched sample processed through milling machining was the smallest.
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Impact strength of gear steel assist in estimating the sudden load bearing capacity of the steel. Traditional Charpy and Izod tests provide qualitative assessment of impact strength of steel. Brugger method is evaluated in this paper for case hardened steel. The instrumented impact test results are compared by all the methods for case hardened EN353 steel. The impact results are also compared by varying case depth to assess its influence on test methods. New co-relation is proposed for verification of Brugger impact strength. Fracture surface of impact specimens were characterized using SEM to analyze the associated failure modes and mechanisms. Compared to traditional methods, Brugger method found effective for quantitative impact strength determination of case hardened steels.
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Correlation between Impact Strengths Measured on the Basis of Various Standards for Rigid PVC Plates
The Charpy method and the Izod method are usually applied to test of impact strength of rigid PVC plate. There are some differences between various standards on shapes and dimension of the Charpy impact test specimens. Ten kinds of rigid PVC plates have been tested according to the JIS, the ISO and the ASTM Charpy impact testing methods, and also to the ASTM Izod impact testing method. The results obtained are summarized as follows:(1) JIS Charpy impact strengths (JIS·akC) of the test plates take the values from 2.3 to 8.4kg-cm/cm2.(2) ISO Charpy impact strengths (ISO·akC) of the test plates, except an extruded one, take roughly a constant value i.e. 2.5kg-cm/cm2.(3) ASTM Charpy impact strengths and ASTM Izod impact strengths show similar characteristics. Their characteristics are both divided into two groups, i.e. ductile group (JIS·akC>5kg-cm/cm2) and brittle group (JIS·akC<5kg-cm/cm2). The characteristics of ductile and brittle groups are similar to those of JIS·akC and ISO·akC respectively.(4) The above mentioned phenomenon is caused mainly by the difference of notch depth.(5) There are approximately linear relationships between various impact strengths except a few values. The regression lines shown in Table IV can be used for conversion of an impact strength into another one.
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Due to the large volume consumption of polyolefins, the treatment of the resulting solid waste is becoming a major concern. One possible utilization of the polyolefin wastes is to form blends from recycled polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE). This study is a preliminary investigation on the impact fracture behaviour for the PP/PE blends. The impact testing method employed in this study includes the conventional and instrumented Izod impact tests, the instrumented Charpy impact test, and the instrumented drop weight plate impact test (IDWPIT). In both conventional and instrumented Izod impact testing, PP homopolymer and PP/LDPE blend have similar impact strengths, while PP/HDPE blend exhibits slightly lower impact strength. However, the instrumented Charpy impact test indicates that both PP/LDPE and PP/HDPE have similar impact strengths, and both are slightly lower than PP homopolymer. This suggests that the type of impact test employed is playing an important role in the impact fracture behaviour of the PP/PE blends. The effect of temperature on the impact fracture behaviour for the PP/PE blends was evaluated by means of the Charpy and drop weight plate impact tests. During the tests, impact strengths reduced with decreasing testing temperature. In the Charpy impact test, the impact strength for PP homopolymer was higher than those of the two PP/PE blends at both 20 and 0°C. The Etotal measured from the IDWPIT indicated PP/LDPE has the highest impact strength at both 20 and 0°C.
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Polyolefin
High-density polyethylene
Polypropylene
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Abstract Low velocity impact can be divided into several types of evaluation. Charpy and Izod impact testing are two types of testing that mostly used by the industry as it was known as an economical quality control method. In this short review, previous studies on the charpy and izod impact testing on natural fibre composites will be discussed. It was found that the percentage fibre loading is the mostly factors being analysed, besides the treatment applied and size of fibre. It was suggested that the range of 10-30 % fibre loading were the mostly applied in short fibre natural composites.
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