Use of transabdominal ultrasonography to determine the location of cryptorchid testes in the horse
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Transrectal ultrasonography is a reliable technique to identify intra-abdominal testes, but can be hazardous or impractical in fractious, juvenile or small equids. The transabdominal approach therefore requires validation.To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of transabdominal ultrasonography to localise cryptorchid testes.Thirty-eight horses admitted for cryptorchidism underwent transabdominal ultrasonography to locate errant testes. Location of the testes was confirmed during surgery (n = 37) or necropsy (n = 1).Horses weighed 175-760 kg. Twenty-two testes were located within the abdomen, 19 in the inguinal space and 3 in a subcutaneous location. In 2 horses, a thick winter coat prevented adequate contact between the probe and the skin, and visualisation of their inguinal testis and one abdominal testis was missed during transabdominal ultrasonography. Excluding the 2 horses with excessive hair, the sensitivity of transabdominal ultrasonography to locate errant testes was 97.6% (93.2% when all horses were included), and its specificity 100%.Transabdominal ultrasonography is a reliable, safe and immediate technique to diagnose cryptorchidism precisely in horses of all ages, sizes and temperaments.Transabdominal ultrasonography provides an immediate definitive diagnosis of adominal cryptorchidism and should enhance selection of an appropriate surgical approach for their removal.Keywords:
Abdominal ultrasonography
Inguinal canal
Transrectal ultrasonography is a reliable technique to identify intra-abdominal testes, but can be hazardous or impractical in fractious, juvenile or small equids. The transabdominal approach therefore requires validation.To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of transabdominal ultrasonography to localise cryptorchid testes.Thirty-eight horses admitted for cryptorchidism underwent transabdominal ultrasonography to locate errant testes. Location of the testes was confirmed during surgery (n = 37) or necropsy (n = 1).Horses weighed 175-760 kg. Twenty-two testes were located within the abdomen, 19 in the inguinal space and 3 in a subcutaneous location. In 2 horses, a thick winter coat prevented adequate contact between the probe and the skin, and visualisation of their inguinal testis and one abdominal testis was missed during transabdominal ultrasonography. Excluding the 2 horses with excessive hair, the sensitivity of transabdominal ultrasonography to locate errant testes was 97.6% (93.2% when all horses were included), and its specificity 100%.Transabdominal ultrasonography is a reliable, safe and immediate technique to diagnose cryptorchidism precisely in horses of all ages, sizes and temperaments.Transabdominal ultrasonography provides an immediate definitive diagnosis of adominal cryptorchidism and should enhance selection of an appropriate surgical approach for their removal.
Abdominal ultrasonography
Inguinal canal
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Objective To investigate the clinical value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of acute abdomen.Methods The ultrasonographic images of 135 patients with acute abdomen were analysed retrospectively.Diagnosis was confirmed during operation and by other examinations.Results Pathological changes were found in the abdominal cavity,pelvic cavity,heart,blood vessels and so on on ultrasonographic examinations.The positive rate of ultrasonography was 83.7%,overall diagnostic agreement rate was 90%.Conclusion Ultrasonography is a simple,convenient,practical,cheap and painless diagnostic method.It plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of acute abdomen.
Acute abdomen
Abdominal cavity
Abdominal ultrasonography
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Abdominal ultrasonography
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The initial radiologic evaluation of a patient with acute abdominal symptoms begins with plain abdominal radiographs. Plain abdominal radiographs are helpful for the diagnosis of intestinal obstruction and pneumoperitoneum. However, cross-sectional imaging modalities, such as ultrasonography or computed tomography, are necessary for specific diagnosis of acute abdomen. Ultrasonography is a non-invasive and comfortable tool for patients visiting emergency room. This article describes the ultrasonographic findings of most common diseases presenting with acute abdominal symptoms.
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Abdominal ultrasonography
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This article, the second of two discussing the use of abdominal ultrasonography as an adjunct to a thorough clinical examination in farm animal practice, describes ultrasonographic findings that might be visualised in the abdomen of cattle, with particular focus on the common problems encountered in the species. Part 1, published in the January issue of In Practice (volume 34, pages 12–21 ), considered ultrasonography of the abdomen in small ruminants.
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Abdominal ultrasonography
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Abdominal ultrasonography
Portal vein thrombosis
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Objective:To compare the ultrasonography and CT diagnostic value of abdominal organs trauma.Methods:In this article,the testing results of 24 patients with abdominal organs trauma by means of CT and ultrasonography were analysed,and both CT manifestation and ultrasonography showings were compared and analysed.Results:Ultrasonography and CT scan are highly sensitive and accurate in diagnosis of closed abdominal organ injuries.For the patients with abdominal trauma,the essential testing method is ultrasonography test characterised by various positions,multi-sections,testing repeatedly and being convinient and prompt.When organ ruptures of fracture are found through ultrasonography test,CT scan enhanced is needed to testity the quantity of hemoperitoneum the area and extent of abdominal trauma,which provide proofs for treatment in combination with them. Conclusion:Combining the ultrasonography and CT-scans will improve diagnosis rate of abdominal organs trauma which provides proofs for treatment.
Abdominal ultrasonography
Hemoperitoneum
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Objective To evaluate endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in the diagnosis of gallbladdercarcinoma. Methods To compare the results of EUS and abdominal ultrasonography, CT/MRI in 18 cases of gallbladder carcinoma. Results Among these cases, 17, 15 and 5 cases of gallbladder carcinoma were diag-nosed by EUS, CT/MRI and abdominal ultrasonography respectively. The sensitivity and accuracy of EUS washigher then those of abdominal ultrasonography, but similar to CT/MRI. The diagnosis of 13 operated patients were compared with the histological examination, the diagnostic accuracy were 92%, 76.9% ( P ＞ 0.05) and 41.6% (P＜0.01) in EUS, CT/MRI and abdominal ultrasonography examinations respectively. Conclusion EUS had significant value in the diagnosis of gallbladder carcinoma.
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Endoscopic ultrasonography
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Objective To evaluate endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in the diagnosis of gallbladder carcinoma. Methods To compare the results of EUS and abdominal ultrasonography, CT/MRI in 18 cases of gallbladder carcinoma. Results Among these cases, 17, 15 and 5 cases of gallbladder carcinoma were diagnosed by EUS, CT/MRI and abdominal ultrasonography respectively. The sensitivity and accuracy of EUS was higher then those of abdominal ultrasonography, but similar to CT/MRI. The diagnosis of 13 operated patients were compared with the histological examination, the diagnostic accuracy were 92％ , 76.9％ (P 0.05) and 41.6％ (P 0.01) in EUS, CT/MRI and abdominal ultrasonography examinations respectively. Conclusion EUS had significant value in the diagnosis of gallbladder carcinoma.
Abdominal ultrasonography
Endoscopic ultrasonography
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Twenty-eight children with abdominal tumors were examined ultrasonically. Real-time ultrasonography proved particularly useful in infants. In most cases ultrasonography shortened the diagnostic procedure by giving accurate images of the tumor's limits, size, contents, and origin. The method yielded an overall diagnostic accuracy rate of 89%. Moreover, ultrasonography is a reliable and safe means of monitoring abdominal tumors during and after therapy. In 1981, plain roentgenograms, intravenous urography with cavography and ultrasonography should be sufficient in the standard radiologic approach of most children with abdominal tumors.
Abdominal ultrasonography
Intravenous urography
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