Mouse allergen. II. The relationship of mouse allergen exposure to mouse sensitization and asthma morbidity in inner-city children with asthma
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Background: Bronchial asthma is a chronic respiratory problem characterized by a reversible hyper-responsive airway obstruction that is provoked by allergens, infections, or nonspecific triggers. The study aims to assess the coexistence of atopy and allergies among children with asthma.Methods: This single-center study was conducted at Mohamed El-Amin H. Hospital, Sudan. A free online sample size calculator was used. A specially designed form was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using the SPSS version 20.0.Results: A total of 300 participants were enrolled in the study, with a mean age of 7.46 ± 3.93 years. The male-to-female ratio was 1.3:1. A total of 215 (71.6%) children had a family history of asthma; atopy was allergic rhinitis in 108 (36%), eczema in 53 (17.7%), food allergy in 38 (14%), and allergic conjunctivitis in 29 (9.7%). A significant association was observed between male gender and family history of asthma, atopy, and coexisting personal history of atopy, P = 0.002, 0.004, and 0.001, respectively. All participants who had atopy had allergic rhinitis; 53 (49%) had atopic dermatitis, 29 (26.8%) had coexisting allergic conjunctivitis, and food allergies were found in 38 (35.2%) participants. Common food allergies found were eggplants, fish, cow milk, and banana. Atopy and allergies were common among those who were 6–10 years old, however, only allergic rhinitis was statistically significant with age (P = 0.021).Conclusion: Combined family history of asthma and atopy was common, few had atopy only, and fewer had neither family history nor atopy. Atopy found was allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, eczemas, and food allergy.
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Introduction: Studies on the association of birth by caesarean section and allergies have produced conflicting findings. Evidence on whether this relation may differ in those at risk of atopy is limited. Aim: To investigate the association of mode of delivery with asthma and atopic sensitization and the extend to which this effect is modified by family history of allergies Methods: Asthma outcomes were assessed cross-sectionally in 2216 children aged 8 using the ISAAC questionnaire whilst in a random subgroup of 746 skin prick tests to eleven allergens were also performed. Adjusted odds ratios of asthma and atopy by mode of delivery were estimated in multivariable logistic models. Results: After adjusting for potential confounders, children born by caesarean section as compared to vaginally had significantly higher odds of reporting ever having wheeze (OR 1.36, 95%CI 1.07-1.71), asthma diagnosis (OR 1.41, 95%CI 1.09-1.83) and atopic sensitization (OR 1.67, 95%CI 1.08-2.60). There was some evidence that family history of allergies may modify the effect of caesarean section delivery on atopy (p for effect modification=0.06) but not asthma. More specifically, children with a family history of allergies had double the odds of atopic sensitization if born by caesarean section (OR 2.34, 95%CI 1.20-4.54) whilst a non-significant association was observed in children without a family history of allergies (OR 1.27, 95%CI 0.69-2.36) Conclusion: Birth by caesarean section is associated with asthma and atopic sensitization in childhood. The association of caesarean delivery and atopy but not asthma is more pronounced in children with family history of allergies.
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Cereals are the necessary and the major products in the diet. The aim of the study was to determine the dependence of frequency of sensitization to various cereals in children with atopy upon the age and diagnosis on the basis of anamnesis, the results of elimination diets, skin tests and the presence of specific IgE antibodies. 416 children and adolescents aged from 6 months to 17 years with atopic dermatitis (n = 359) and asthma (n = 57) has been investigated. The frequency of sensitization to cereals in children with atopic dermatitis according to skin tests ranged from 31 to 43%. Expressed sensitization (skin test +++, ++++) on the large majority of groats did not exceed 3% and only on corn and barley, it took place in 5.8 and 3.8%, respectively, while 81% of these children data coincided with a case history. The percentage of severe sensitization in boys was generally higher than that among girls. The percentage of pronounced sensitization to cereals increased with age in patients with atopy. The reason why the frequency of marked sensitization to maize in asthmatic children older than 7 years reached 20% and in children with atopic dermatitis reached 7.5% at the age of younger 1 year and 7.7% at the age from 3 to 7 years, remains unclear and requires further study.
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Sensitization to house dust mites (HDM) is highly prevalent among the young atopic population in Singapore. Previously published data suggest that individuals with skin allergies show preferred sensitization to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus while individuals with pure respiratory allergies show preferred sensitization to Blomia tropicalis. The aim of our study was to compare the sensitization profiles between children with asthma and those with eczema to D. pteronyssinus and B. tropicalis and their specific allergens. A total of 60 children, 30 with asthma and 30 with eczema were recruited. IgE levels specific for a panel of HDM allergens from the two mite species were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The asthma group showed highest sensitization to Blo t5 while the eczema group showed highest sensitization to Der p5. Comparison between the two disease groups showed that the eczema group had significantly higher IgE levels for Der p (p = 0.042) and its allergens Der p1 (p = 0.019) and Der p5 (p = 0.001). Generally, the eczema group was more sensitized to the panel of allergens compared to the asthma group. Individuals with asthma and those with eczema showed different sensitization profiles to HDM. These findings highlighted possible mechanisms for different manifestation of allergy.
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The serum of 50 surgical patients with a history of asthma, hay fever or allergy has been analysed for IgE levels and compared with a control group without such a history. The values in the 'normal' group largely fell within the accepted range (below 200 iu./ml). Those in the 'hypersensitive' group had a wide range extending to over 1000 iu./ml but many of those with low values in this group had contact dermatitis and similar minor allergies. However, analysis of cases studied shows that any patient with a history of atopy or allergy is at risk from Cremophor-containing intravenous anaesthetics.
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The relationship between asthma severity and atopy is complex. Many studies have failed to show significant relationships between clinical severity or lung function and markers of atopic sensitisation.
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