Chromosome numbers and karyotypes of some Australian grass species.
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The diploid chromosome number in root tip cells in Iseilema vaginjorum, I. membranaceum and Pseudoiseilema australiansis was found to be 2n=18. The chromosome number in P. australiansis and I. membranaceum are new reports. While the karyotypes in these three species are also reported here for the first time.The karyotypic studies in all the three species indicated that majority of the chromosomes had submedium and having very less difference in their total chromatin length. However, the three species are found to be distinct in regards to position of the sat chromosomes. The assymetrical karyotype in all these species indicated that they are in the advancing stage of evolution.The idiograms of all the three species indicated that except, the minor differnces in the position of sat pairs, they are very allied to each other and seem to have been originated from common ancestor.Keywords:
Chromosome number
Somatic cell karyotypes of three Elytrigia elongata accessions collected from different countries were studied using root tip squash method to provide cytological characteristics and systematic evolution.Results showed that the chromosome karyotype of EE001 collected from Xinjiang of China was K(2n)=10X=70=50m+16sm+4st,and the composition of relative length chromosome was 1L+17M2+15M1+2S.The chromosome karyotype of EE014 collected from Germany was K(2n)=10X=70=48m+20sm+2st,and the composition of relative length chromosome was 3L+14M2+13M1+5S.The chromosome karyotype of EE020 collected from Portugal was K(2n)=10X=70=38m+22sm+8st+2t,and the composition of relative length chromosome was 5L+11M2+15M1+4S.The chromosome karyotypes of three E.elongata accessions were belonged to 2B types.
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SUMMARY A technique for obtaining bryozoan chromosome spreads is described. Karyotypes were prepared for the following phylactolaemate species: Plumatella emarginata, 2n = 14; Hyalinella punctata, 2n = 14; Fredericella sultana, 2n = 14; and Pectinatella magnifica, 2n = 18. Approximate numbers were obtained for Lophopodella carteri, 2n 18–22, and three ctenostomes, Pottsiella erecta, 2n = 22 or 24; Amathia semiconvoluta, 2n about 30; and Paludicella articulata, 2n about 20. Differences between the bryozoan karyotypes seen in this study correlate with taxonomy.
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The karyotype of(garden pansy)Viola tricolor var.hortensis was analyzed.The chromosome numbers of the somatic cell are 2n=2x=26.The karyotype formula is 2n=26=14m(4SAT)+6sm+2st+4T.The result of chromosome examination showed that it belongs 2C type of Stebbins' karyotype asymmetry.That means it is a primitive species.
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Viola
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Taking the diploid and autotetraploid mini-watermelon as meterial,the diploid and autotetraploid miniwatermelons' karyotype were analyzed using traditional tabletting method.The results showed that the diploid miniwatermelon karyotype formula was 2n=2x=22=22mwith the index of the As.k(karyotypic asymmetry)of 58.90%,with 11pairs metacentric chromosomes.The karyotype belonged to 1A,with ultimately symmetry karyotype.In addition,the tetraploid mini-watermelon karyotype formula was 2n=4x=44=44m,As.k was 56.45%,same as diploid.The results proved that tetraploid mini-watermelon resulted in the chromosome doubling of diploid.
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Giemsa C-banding patterns and karyotype of chromosomes were analyzed in the root-tip cells of diploid Thinopyron elongatum. A modified seed germinating method was developed for obtaining the C-banding patterns in diploid Thinopyron elonggatum. The results of The C-banding analysis showed the significant differences among the seven pairs of chromosomes in diploid Thinopyron elonggatum. The intensive C-bands were stained steadily on the intercalary, terminal, subcentromeric and centromeric regions of Chromosomes. We found that there are three pairs of metacentric chromosomes and four pairs of submetacentric chromosomes in diploid Thinopyron elonggatum. The karyotype formula is 2n=2x=14=6m+8sm. Present results provided a basic cytological data and will be useful for the further studies in Thinopyron elongatum.
Giemsa stain
G banding
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Chromosome numbers and karyotypes of the Saussurea glacialis were studied.The results show that the chromosome numbers are 2n=2x=28;the fomula of karyotypes K(2n)=2x=28=6sm(2SAT)+22m;the composition of relative length∶2n=28=3S+5M_1+3M_2+3L,it belongs to 2B karyotype according to Stebbins'classification.
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The experiment was set up to resolve the controversy about uniform retention of B chromosomes at various ploidy levels. This paper presents the ploidy response of B chromosome in root meristem of Butea monosperma-a tree, growing around Lucknow. The root tips had euchromatic distinguishable 1B chromosome which showed different behaviour at different ploidy levels. On treatment with 0.2% aqueous colchicine different levels of ploidy were observed. Tetraploids and mixoploids showed 2B chromosomes instead of 1B chromosome as in diploid i.e. B chromosome divides along with A chromosome showing behaviour similar to A chromosome. But in few tetraploids, mixoploid cells and one octaploid cell undivided 1B chromosome like diploids was observed.
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Polyploid
B chromosome
Root tip
Colchicine
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The number and karyotype of chromosome of Astragalus scaberrimus Bgewere studied in this paperThe results showed that the chromosome number of the species is 2n=16 and its karyotype formula is K(2n)=2x=16=14m+2sm,and the composition of relative length of chromosome is 2n=16=8M2+8M1,belonging to type 1A of Stebbins karyotype asymmetry
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Chromosome analysis
Astragalus
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Abstract. Nineteen species of halocyprid ostracods were dissected and analysed for karyotype studies. Results were obtained for only six species, 5 belonging to Conchoecia and 1 to Halocypris. The uniformity in the chromosome morphology of these species (metacentric/submetacentric) is similar to that found for the cypridinids. The size range of their chromosomes falls within the lower end of the studied cypridinid species. The chromosome counts, in some preparations, were somewhat impaired by uncertain cell boundaries and widely scattered chromosomes. In these cases, the morphology of the identifiable chromosomes and their size ranges were noted and wherever possible a provisional karyotype was suggested.
Morphology
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