The effect of manipulation of reticuloendothelial system activity on glomerular deposition of aggregated protein and immune complexes in two different strains of mice.
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Abstract:
Glomerular uptake of intravenously administered aggregated albumen or immune complexes in mice appears to be inversely related to the activity of the reticuloendothelial system (RES). Stimulation of RES activity diminishes the amount of material appearing in the glomerulus whereas RES blockade enhances glomerular uptake. The possible relevance of these observations to experimental models of immune complex disease is discussed.Keywords:
Mononuclear phagocyte system
Glomerulus
Kidney Glomerulus
Renal glomerulus
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Glomerulus
Kidney Glomerulus
Renal glomerulus
Tubule
Renal physiology
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Glomerular uptake of intravenously administered aggregated albumen or immune complexes in mice appears to be inversely related to the activity of the reticuloendothelial system (RES). Stimulation of RES activity diminishes the amount of material appearing in the glomerulus whereas RES blockade enhances glomerular uptake. The possible relevance of these observations to experimental models of immune complex disease is discussed.
Mononuclear phagocyte system
Glomerulus
Kidney Glomerulus
Renal glomerulus
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Glomerulus
Medulla
Kidney Glomerulus
Renal cortex
Renal glomerulus
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Glomerulus
Nephritis
Kidney Glomerulus
Renal glomerulus
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Glomerulus
Kidney Glomerulus
Renal glomerulus
Actinin
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In the present cytological and histological research, the normal glomeruli in fresh human kidneys from five healthy executed men were studied with special reference to cytological characteristics of the cellular elements of the glomeruli as well as histogenetical relationship between the surfacing cells (Deckzellen) of the glomerulus and the epithelial cells of the Bowman's capsule.In the cytoplasm of the surfacing cells of the glomerulus a well developed net-like Golgi apparatus, a number of slender rod-shaped mitochondria, stainable granules and vacuoles are demonstrated, which facts suggest that these cells are provided with a secretory activity, sending secretory material into the cavity of the Bowman's capsule.Among such ordinary (typical) surfacing cells, there occur in indefinite parts of the glomerulus variable number of peculiar surfacing cells with darker cytoplasm containing more numerous thicker mitochondria, numerous coarse stainable granules and vacuoles. On the basis of these cytological evidences it may be concluded that these atypical surfacing cells would play more active secretory function than the ordinary ones. It must be one of the noteworthy findings obtained in the present study that these atypical surfacing cells of the glomerulus are apparently identical with the atypical epithelial cells often found in the epithelium of the Bowman's capsule. In the author's previous study on the epithelial cells of the proximal convolution of the renal tobulus it was learned that these atypical epithelial cells of the Bowman's capsule epithelium are identical with the epithelial cells of the proximal convolution. All of these findings in both the present and the preceding investigations support the view that the lining cell layers of the three parts of the nephron are continuous and of the same origin, namely of epithelial nature. In the present study the author could actually confirm the continuity of the Bowman's capsule epithelium and the surfacing cell layer of the glomerulus.Therefore it appears appropriate to designate the surfacing cells (Dec kzellen) of the glomerulus as“ visceral epithelial cells of the Bow ma n's capsule” against the conventional term, parietal epithelial cells of the Bowman's capsule.
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This monograph recounts the senior author's earlier and more recent experimental studies on serum sickness glomerulonephritis and its relationship to immune complexes. It also deals with his study of 213 human renal biopsies by light and electron microscopy and by immunofluorescence. According to the authors there are two main forms of experimental immune complex glomerulonephritis. One involves the peripheral capillary loops of the glomerulus, and is due to small soluble antigen-antibody complexes that form aggregates in the subepithelial portions of the basement membrane. The second form involves the mesangium and the subendothelial areas of the glomerulus, and is due to the lodgment in these areas of large, poorly soluble complexes. With respect to the human material, a new classification of the socalled immune complex diseases of the glomerulus is proposed, based in the main on the two patterns of glomerular involvement observed experimentally. The authors attempt to relate the pathogenesis
Mesangium
Glomerulus
Antigen-Antibody Complex
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Renal glomerulus
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Immunofluorescence
Immune complex disease
Serum sickness
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Glomerular volume is an important metric reflecting glomerular filtration surface area within the kidney. Glomerular hypertrophy, or increased glomerular volume, may be an important marker for renal stress. Current stereological techniques report the average glomerular volume (AVglom) within the kidney. These techniques cannot assess the spatial or regional heterogeneity common in developing renal pathology. Here, we report a novel "unfolding" technique to measure the actual distribution of individual glomerular volumes in a kidney from the two-dimensional glomerulus profiles observed by optical microscopy. The unfolding technique was first developed and tested for accuracy with simulations and then applied to measure the number of glomeruli (Nglom), AVglom, and intrarenal distribution of individual glomerular volume (IVglom) in the oligosyndactyl (Os/(+)) mouse model compared with wild-type (WT) controls. The Os/(+) mice had fewer and larger glomeruli than WT mice: Nglom was 12,126 ± 1,658 (glomeruli/kidney) in the WT mice and 5,516 ± 899 in the Os/(+) mice; AVglom was 2.01 ± 0.28 × 10(-4) mm(3) for the WT mice and 3.47 ± 0.35 × 10(-4) mm(3) for the Os/(+) mice. Comparing the glomerular volume distributions in Os/(+) and WT kidneys, we observed that the Os/(+) distribution peaked at a higher value of IVglom than the WT distribution peak, and glomeruli with a radius greater than 55 μm were more prevalent in the Os/(+) mice (3.4 ± 1.6% of total glomeruli vs. 0.6 ± 1.2% in WT). Finally, the largest profiles were more commonly found in the juxtamedullary region. Unfolding is a novel stereological technique that provides a new quantitative view of glomerular volume distribution in the individual kidney.
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Abstract. Parietal epithelial cells (PEC) of Bowman's capsules cover the inner aspect of Bowman's capsules and are believed to contribute to extracapillary lesions of glomerulonephritis such as crescent formation. In glomerular research including cell culture experiments and pathology, differentiation between PEC and podocytes has frequently been a major problem. Immunohistochemistry of the adult rat kidney for protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), a neuron-specific ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase, demonstrated selective localization of the immunoreactivity in PEC. At the urinary pole of the glomerulus, immunoreactive PEC were clearly differentiated from proximal tubular cells that were negative for PGP 9.5. In the subcapsular nephrogenic zone of newborn rat kidney, immunoreactivity was observed in almost all cells in the commashaped body and early S-shaped body and selectively in PEC in the late S-shaped body and capillary-stage glomerulus. In rat glomerular disease models (Masugi-nephritis and puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis), cells that consisted of cellular crescents or adhered to glomerular tufts were positive for PGP 9.5. The selective localization of PGP 9.5 in PEC in rat kidney provides a new cytochemical marker for identifying the cells. Development expression of the protein suggests that PGP 9.5 is involved in the processes of nephrogenesis of rat kidney.
Glomerulus
Nephrosis
Kidney Glomerulus
Renal glomerulus
Renal capsule
Puromycin
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Glomerulus
Nephritis
Albuminuria
Serum sickness
Kidney Glomerulus
Renal glomerulus
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Citations (30)