One-dimensional equations for coupled extensional, radial, and axial-shear motions of circular piezoelectric ceramic rods with axial poling
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Silicon-based channel waveguides are poled by thermal poling.A fiber-based(single mode) Mach-Zehnder interferometer is utilized to measure the linear electro-optic effect.Poling conditions(poling temperature,poling time,poling voltage) are optimized in air environment.The results show that,the electro-optic codfficient is(rTM=0.059±0.001 pm/V,rTE=0.053±0.001 pm/V) at the optimized conditions(406 ℃,20 min,-2.4 kV).At the same time,the waveguide has a lower threshold of poling voltage(100 V).The results also suggest that the electro-optic cofficient increases of 15% at negative poling than positive poling.
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The poling conditions of the 6.5MHz PbZrO3-PbTiO3 (PZT) piezoelectric ceramic filters have been studied. A new poling technology, which is two poling processes before and after ceramic disks are respectively coated with silver film electrode, is introduced. The optimal poling conditions are described. The effects of two poling process are good for the electrical properties and mechanical performance compared with the previous poling. The experimental results are analyzed based on energy-trap phenomenon and the forming of domain. The two poling technology is also useful for the preparation of other piezoelectric ceramic components and devices
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In the poling process of PZT ceramics, the poling temperature is a critical condition. When the poling temperature is too low, no matter how high is the poling field and how long is the poling time, the planar electromechanical coupling factor k p is lower. When the poling temperature is higher enough, the k p can reach to a saturated value with a lower poling field and short poling time. The variation of dielectric constant with the poling conditions is the same as that of planar electromechanical coupling factor. When poling with a low temperature, the dielectric constant after poling is lower than 1400. When poling with higher temperature, no matter how high is the poling field and how long is the poling time, the dielectric constant after poling is higher than 1500.
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The goal of the current report was to find the optimal poling conditions: poling field, poling time and poling temperature for lead-free (Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1T0.9)O3 ceramic. It has been noticed that the low poling field (< 2 kV/mm) was insufficient for obtaining ideal poling state (θ = 90°) due to the incomplete switching of domains and thus low piezoelectric properties (d33 ≤ 438 pC/N and kp ≤ 49%). However, relevance of higher poling voltage (> 2 kV/mm) may induce electric breakdown and physical defects such as cracks in the sample, which also leads degradation of piezoelectric properties. The optimal poling field, poling time and poling temperature was found to be 2 kV/mm, 10 min and 24°C, i.e., near room temperature, respectively to achieve nearly ideal poling state (θ = 86°) obtained by impedance spectra, and thus enhanced piezoelectric constant d33 = 505 pC/N and kp = 56% at room temperature. The O-T phase transition point was identified at 32.6°C, for which a peak value of d33(E=0V) = 622 pm/V was realized.
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UV-written planar silica waveguides are poled using two different poling techniques, thermal poling and UV-poling. Thermal poling induces an electro-optic coefficient of 0.067 pm/V. We also demonstrate simultaneous UV-writing and UV-poling. The induced electro-optic effect shows a linear dependence on the poling voltage. No measurable decay in the induced electro-optic effect was detected after 14 months.
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