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    X-Ray Reflectivity Measurements of Layer-by-Layer Films at the Solid/Liquid Interface
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    Abstract:
    In this Letter, we present a method for the decoration of layer-by-layer (LbL) structures by heavy metal ions, which allows X-ray reflectivity (XRR) measurements at the solid/water interface. The improved contrast has allowed us to obtain well-structured X-ray reflectivity curves from samples at the liquid/solid interface that can be used for the film structure modeling. The developed technique was also used to follow the formation of complexes between DNA and the LbL multilayer. The XRR data are confirmed by independent null-ellipsometric measurements at the solid/liquid interface on the very same architectures.
    Keywords:
    X-ray reflectivity
    Interface (matter)
    Ellipsometry
    Quick x-ray reflectivity (QXRR) is a new surface examination technique for studying fast processes at the surface and interface of the materials on a nano-scale. The currently available models for classical scanning-type x-ray reflectivity cannot be applied directly to the QXRR simulations. The present article proposes and discusses models for simulation of QXRR measurements of curved samples, which are applicable for analysis of liquid materials.
    X-ray reflectivity
    Interface (matter)
    The use of X-ray and neutron reflectivity measurements to determine the density profile across and interface or across thin films has become increasingly popular over the last few years. However, in general convenient model-independent methods of inverting the reflectivity profiles to obtain the density profile have been missing. We present here one such approach using the method of anomalous reflectivity from the substrate and demonstrate its applicability in the case of an organic thin film.
    X-ray reflectivity
    Citations (75)
    X-ray reflectivity (XRR) has been used as an absolute measurement of the thickness of perfluoropolyether (PFPE) lubricant layers on silicon substrates to determine the validity of thickness measurements by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) and ellipsometry. Excellent agreement is found between these three methods, provided that a 25 /spl Aring/ escape depth for the PFPE film is used in ESCA and the bulk refractive index of the PFPE is used in ellipsometry. It is also essential to properly account for adventitiously adsorbed hydrocarbons.
    Ellipsometry
    X-ray reflectivity
    Citations (90)