Short Interfering RNA (siRNA)—Mediated RNA Interference (RNAi) in Human Cells
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Abstract:
A bstract : Transient gene silencing in mammalian cells can be mediated by double stranded RNA (dsRNAs) molecules of ∼20–25 nucleotides termed short interfering (siRNAs). Naturally occurring siRNAs in lower eukaryotes have characteristic structural elements; however, little is known about what features are critical for an exogenous siRNA to mediate RNAi in mammals. We have recently determined some of the critical parameters that influence the efficiency of siRNA‐mediated RNAi in mammalian cells and have been considering the use of RNAi as a functional genomics tool, particularly for high throughput analysis, and the potential use of RNAi as a therapeutic tool.Keywords:
Trans-acting siRNA
RNA Silencing
Functional Genomics
RNA-induced transcriptional silencing
DNA-directed RNA interference
RNA Silencing
Trans-acting siRNA
RNA-induced silencing complex
Argonaute
RNA-induced transcriptional silencing
Dicer
DNA-directed RNA interference
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RNA silencing, named as co-suppression or post transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) was found in transgenic plants which was the result of cellular mRNA degradation and silencing of gene expression. RNA interference (RNAi) is a specific technique using only a few double stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules to stop the expression which has made it one of the important areas in molecular biology. By introducing a gene into the host genome which is highly homologous to an endogenous gene, the RNA silencing is initiated. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is cut by the enzyme “Dicer” producing small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) which combine with RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). RISC, a protein complex, binds one strand of siRNA with mRNA of native target gene for destruction, resulting in gene silencing. The mechanism of RNAi offers a quick and easy way to determine the function of a gene. In this review, we discuss the history, components, mechanism and the application of RNA interference.
RNA-induced silencing complex
RNA Silencing
RNA-induced transcriptional silencing
Trans-acting siRNA
Dicer
Argonaute
DNA-directed RNA interference
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Citations (3)
RNA interference (RNAi), i.e. gene silencing, or gene expression down-regulation is the process whereby a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) induces the homology-dependent degradation of cognate messenger RNA (mRNA). When dsRNA is introduced into cells, an RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) is assembled. RISC serves as cellular machinery that is responsible for the specific mRNA degradation. This process results in the subsequent reduction of the specific protein translated from appropriate mRNA. Short RNA duplexes (21 nucleotide), called small interfering RNA (siRNA), have become the major tool for induction of gene silencing. With the human genome mapped and sequenced, attempts are currently being made to manipulate the expression of genes involved in viral diseases, carcinogenesis and other disorders with the aim of developing novel therapies.
RNA Silencing
RNA-induced silencing complex
Trans-acting siRNA
RNA-induced transcriptional silencing
DNA-directed RNA interference
Argonaute
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RNA Silencing
Trans-acting siRNA
RNA-induced transcriptional silencing
RNA-induced silencing complex
Cite
Citations (125)
It is widely accepted that RNA silencing or RNA interference plays a crucial role in defending viruses from invasion and regulating gene expression, and has become a very potent tool for genetic function studies and some disease therapies. RNA silencing ubiquitously exists in eukaryotic cells, however, during the boundless process of synergistic evolution for the host and viruses, viruses have gained capacities of escaping or suppressing RNA silencing to make RNA interference sterile. On the other hand, some studies have revealed that mammiferous cells themselves also could regulate the effects of RNA silencing, which presents the regulation of vital activities under a more perfect condition. In order to develop the potential function of RNA silencing, people have worked out a number of strategies to decrease the suppression effects of RNA silencing. Here, all kinds of suppress mechanisms and application about RNA silencing were summarized in order to make people take cognizance of the disadvantage of RNA silencing technology while using it.
RNA Silencing
Trans-acting siRNA
RNA-induced silencing complex
RNA-induced transcriptional silencing
Argonaute
DNA-directed RNA interference
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Plant science
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Citations (314)
RNA Silencing
RNA-induced silencing complex
RNA-induced transcriptional silencing
Trans-acting siRNA
Argonaute
DNA-directed RNA interference
Cite
Citations (2,453)
RNA Silencing
Dicer
RNA-induced silencing complex
RNA-induced transcriptional silencing
Trans-acting siRNA
DNA-directed RNA interference
Argonaute
Cite
Citations (14)
Double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) can specifically inhibit gene expression in a variety of organisms by invoking post‐transcriptional degradation of homologous mRNA. Here we show that dsRNA‐mediated gene regulation also occurs in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. We present evidence that: (i) reporter gene silencing is significantly enhanced when additional non‐coding sense RNA is co‐expressed with antisense RNA; (ii) expression of a panhandle RNA also silences target gene expression; (iii) expression of dsRNA is associated with siRNAs; (iv) a novel host‐encoded factor which enhances antisense RNA gene silencing also enhances panhandle RNA‐mediated gene inhibition. Both the exogenously introduced lacZ and c‐myc genes are shown to be susceptible to dsRNA‐ mediated gene silencing in this model. Taken together, these data indicate that RNA‐mediated gene silencing can occur through a RNAi‐like mechanism in fission yeast.
RNA Silencing
RNA-induced transcriptional silencing
RNA-induced silencing complex
Trans-acting siRNA
Schizosaccharomyces
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RNA interference(RNAi) is mediated through small double-stranded RNA molecules(small interfering RNAs,siRNAs),and siRNA can induce special mRNA degradation.The special gene is interfered by post-transcriptional gene silencing.It is a monitoring mechanism widely found in living nature to defend the virus infection,and regulate the expression of protein-coding genes.RNAi is now a powerful instrument for functional genomic analyses and signal transduction pathways,and it will be a potentionally useful method in highly specific dsRNA based gene-silencing therapeutics.
RNA Silencing
Trans-acting siRNA
RNA-induced silencing complex
DNA-directed RNA interference
RNA-induced transcriptional silencing
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