Application of path analysis methodology in assessing the relationship between body weight and biometric traits of Red Sokoto goats in northern Nigeria
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Relationship between body weight (BW) and seven morphobiometrical traits [withers height (WH), body length (BL), chest girth (CG), shoulder width (SW), ear length (EL), cannon circumference (CC) and neck circumference (NC)] were studied in 142 Red Sokoto goats aged 19.3-30.6 months old using path analysis. The animals were randomly selected in certain smallholders? farms located in northern Nigeria. Pair-wise correlations among body weights and linear type traits were positive and highly significant (r = 0.74 - 0.92; P< 0.01). The path analysis revealed that body length had the highest direct effect on body weight, closely followed by chest girth and shoulder width, respectively (path coefficient = 0.354, 0.253 and 0.214 for BL, CG and SW, respectively). The optimum linear regression model with a coefficient of determination ( R2) value of 0.934 included forecast indices, such as body length, chest girth, shoulder width, cannon circumference and neck circumference. This regression equation could be used to predict the body weight of Red Sokoto goats in the field and for selection purposes.Keywords:
Withers
Circumference
Girth (graph theory)
Path coefficient
Loin
The objective of this study is to estimate genetic parameters on carcass traits and body type measurements in Hanwoo cows (Korean native cattle). The data for this study were obtained from local rearing farms in Jeonnam province, South Korea from 2003 to 2014. Two hundred seventy-seven head of reproductive cattle were measured for withers height, rump height, body length, chest depth, chest width, rump length, pelvic width, rump width, hipbone width, chest girth, and shank girth. Of the 277 head of cattle, 151 were randomly selected for investigation of carcass traits. Birth year, birth location, and sex were considered as fixed factors. Genetic correlation coefficients of live weight with chest depth, chest width, rump width, and chest girth were 0.67, 1.00, 0.97, and 0.99, respectively. Genetic correlation coefficients of rump length with withers height, rump height, chest width, and pelvic width were 0.85, 0.92, 0.85, and 0.98, respectively. Positive selection for chest girth, chest width, chest depth, and rump width resulted in increased live weight. Correlation coefficients of rump length with withers height and rump height were highly positive, which suggests that rump length and rump width are informative indicators for selection of body type measurements. Heritabilities of body type measurement and carcass traits ranged from 0.19 to 0.83. Estimates of heritability on marbling score, body length, and rump height were 0.18, 0.19, and 0.24, respectively. Estimates of heritability on eye muscle area, shank girth, and withers height were 0.30, 0.36, and 0.48, respectively. Heritabilities of carcass weight, chest width, live weight, hipbone width, rump length, and chest depth were 0.51, 0.67, 0.68, 0.71, 0.76, and 0.77, respectively. The genetic correlation between carcass weight and chest depth was a negative value of −0.98. The genetic correlation between carcass weight and chest width was 0.68. Genetic correlation coefficients of eye muscle area with rump length, chest depth, hipbone width, and shank girth were 0.67, 0.84, 0.66, and 0.94, respectively. Genetic correlation coefficients of marbling score with withers height, rump length, and hipbone width were −0.54, −0.74, and −0.83, respectively. Improvement in both quality and quantity traits of Hanwoo cows is difficult due to the negative correlation between the two traits. To develop an optimal breeding scheme for Hanwoo cows, rearing farms need to establish breeding goals for Hanwoo cows individually and obtain informative data, including pedigree information and reproductive records, from each cow.
Rump
Withers
Girth (graph theory)
Hanwoo
Body type
Crown-rump length
Sire
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The quality traits of Swedish landrace pig carcasses were investigated. According to short procedure of the method pf partial dissection described in detail by Walstra and Merkus (1996) the highest relative yield of muscle tissue in leg/ham, shoulder, back-loin section and belly-rib fat in carcasses of pigs with thinner withers fat - I group ( 65,76; 66,32; 50,70 and 53,95%). The highest relative share of intermuscular fat in shoulder, back-loin section and belly-rib fat was established in pigs with thicker withers fat - II group (3,16; 5,63 and 7,96%). Differences were significant at the level of 5%. Higher yield of muscle tissue in carcasses was determined in fatteners with thinner withers fat - I group (57,83%) and differences between I and II research groups weren?t significant (p>0,05).
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This study was carried out to determine height at withers, heart girth and cannon bone circumference measurements in purebred Arabian colts and fillies at Cifteler State Farm. Data obtained from the 1980-1998 marketing catalogue, which includes 535 colts and 392 fillies in Cifteler State Farm, were used. The average values of height at withers, heart girth, and cannon bone circumference for 224 colts and 319 fillies younger than 24 months were calculated to be 141.634±0.212 cm, 152.99±0.33 cm and 17.87±0.04 cm; and 140.826±0.18 cm, 153.94±0.33 cm, and 17.47±0.04 cm, respectively. In addition, the average values of these body measurements were calculated for 311 colts and 73 fillies 25-36 months old as follows: 152.099±0.16 cm, 173.61±0.25 cm and 19.58±0.03 cm; and 149.288±0.32 cm, 171.26±0.69 cm and 18.28±0.07 cm, respectively. In both sexes, the phenotypic correlation coefficients were calculated among height at withers, heart girth, cannon bone circumference and age. High and positive correlation (coefficients (r) were obtained among height at withers, heart girth, cannon bone circumference and age (p
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Girth (graph theory)
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The body measurements were taken from 496 goats of Barka and Afer types in order to find out the live body weight from heart girth, and height at withers.The animals were divided into types (Barka and Afer), sex (male and female) and age (from less than 1 year, 1½ to 2.0, 2.0 to 2½ and over 3 years old).Linear equation of heart girth and height at wither accounted for 95% and 91% (P<0.01) of the total variability in body weight. The derived equation can be used to predict goats body weight from heart girth or height at wither with confidence. Heart girth was found to be the best parameter for estimating the body weight and the height at wither can be used as a supplementary variable that can provide additional information. The study showed that live body weight of the Eritrean goats can be predicted with satisfactory accuracy using heart girth as the sole parameter.
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Data on body weight and body measurements (body length, height at withers, chest girth and paunch girth) of adult Kilakarsal sheep have been collected from 124 adult animals managed at the farmers filed in Tirunelveli districts of Tami Nadu, India to estimate the body weight from body measurements. The data were subjected to standard statistical analysis using SPSS software and linear regression analysis was appliedby keeping the body weight as the dependant variables and different body measurements as independent variables. The overall means (±SE) for body weight, body length and height at withers, chest girth and paunch girth of Kilakarsal sheep pooled over sexes were 23.39 ±0.33 kg, 56.92 ±0.31 cm, 69.74 ± 0.33 cm, 71.92 ±0.44 cm and 69.44 ± 0.49 cm, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficient between body weight with body length, height at withers, chest girth and paunch girth were 0.525, 0.531, 0.831 and 0.761, respectively. The R2 values for the regression equation, considering individual independent variables viz.body length, height at withers, chest girth and paunch girth were 0.276, 0.282, 0.691 and 0.579, respectively. The highest R2 value was obtained from chest girth variable followed by paunch girth. The R2 values increased with the addition of independent variables in the equation and the maximum R2 value was obtained as 0.783 from all the variables. The study revealed that the chest girth is the best predictor for the estimation of body weight and this alone contributed 69.1 per cent variation in the body weight of adult Kilakarsal sheep.
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An experiment involving 98 steers was conducted over a 2-year period to investigate relations among conformation scores, among body measurements and between body measurements and conformation scores. A single total score appears to be as useful in evaluating an animal's conformation as is a detailed score card evaluating various components. Repeatability of scores from the beginning and end of the fattening period was between 0.50 and 0.76, except for score for feet and legs, which was insignificant. Heart girth appears to be a more suitable measure of size than body weight for studies of growth and form. The ratio chest width × 100/heart girth was not correlated with any of the other measures or ratios. Correlations of round and of body length with other measures or ratios were generally low. Correlations among the remaining measures were generally high. The correlations between measurements taken before and after fattening were high for weight, height at withers, height at hooks, chest width, hooks width, heart girth, and the ratio height at withers × 100/heart girth, and low for the remaining measures and ratios.
Withers
Girth (graph theory)
Repeatability
Body height
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Relationship between body weight (BW) and seven morphobiometrical traits [withers height (WH), body length (BL), chest girth (CG), shoulder width (SW), ear length (EL), cannon circumference (CC) and neck circumference (NC)] were studied in 142 Red Sokoto goats aged 19.3-30.6 months old using path analysis. The animals were randomly selected in certain smallholders? farms located in northern Nigeria. Pair-wise correlations among body weights and linear type traits were positive and highly significant (r = 0.74 - 0.92; P< 0.01). The path analysis revealed that body length had the highest direct effect on body weight, closely followed by chest girth and shoulder width, respectively (path coefficient = 0.354, 0.253 and 0.214 for BL, CG and SW, respectively). The optimum linear regression model with a coefficient of determination ( R2) value of 0.934 included forecast indices, such as body length, chest girth, shoulder width, cannon circumference and neck circumference. This regression equation could be used to predict the body weight of Red Sokoto goats in the field and for selection purposes.
Withers
Circumference
Girth (graph theory)
Path coefficient
Loin
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Selection criteria for performance test of yearling bulls commonly include indicators of important traits, such as withers height (WH), chest girth (CG) and body length (BL). Estimations of (co)variance component and genetic parameter of WH, CG and BL of Bali cattle are rarely reported or have not been reported. Therefore, the objective of this study was to estimate (co)variance components and genetic parameter among the indicator traits WH, CG and BL. Records for WH (n = 140), CG (n = 133), and BL (n = 130) were obtained from the Bali Breeding Center which consisted of 23 sires and 134 dams represented in the data. (Co)variance components were estimated using animal model, and average information REML was used to obtain estimates of heritability and genetic correlations. Fixed effects included sex, age, and calving season. The random effect of the animal was included to estimate additive genetic effects. Generally heritability estimates of 0.41±0.08, 0.40±0.09, and 0.39±0.08 were obtained for WH, CG and BL on the underlying scale, respectively. The genetic correlation between WH and CG (0.05) was close to zero, as were the estimated genetic correlations between WH and BL (0.05) and CG and BL (0.05). Genetic and phenotypic trends did not show improvement due to selection. However, these results suggest that concomitant selection for increased withers height, chest girth and body length would not be antagonistic.
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Girth (graph theory)
Variance components
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The indexes of body size including the withers height,the body length,the chest girth,the chest depth and the cannon circumference of 99 adult rams,24 yearling rams,82 adult ewes and 47 yearling ewes were measured in Jiashike village.The results showed that the withers height and the cannon circumference were lower than those of Qinghai fine-wool sheep,but other three indexes of body size were all more than those of Qinghai fine-wool sheep.The chest girth and the cannon circumference were lower than those of Qinghai semi-finewool sheep,but other three indexes of body size were all more than those of Qinghai semi-finewool sheep,The withers height and the chest depth of Jiashike yearling ewes were slightly more than those of Qinghai semi-finewool sheep,bu the body length,the chest girth and the cannon circumference were all more than those of Qinghai semi-finewool sheep.
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Circumference
Girth (graph theory)
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