Assessment of Everyday Memory After Severe Head Injury
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Keywords:
Memory disorder
Memory problems
Ecological validity
Neuropsychological test
Memory Impairment
Memory disorder
Neuropsychological Assessment
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The multidimensional nature of the deficits presented by patients referred for neurological rehabilitation poses problems for therapists in selecting appropriate assessments. Although many patients will exhibit memory problems on admission, most will also show signs of other impairment, such as visuoperceptual deficit; but few tests exist that take into account the effect of such influences. The Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test, which was developed to measure and monitor everyday memory problems in patients with acquired brain damage, has been modified to provide a subscale of items that are sensitive to memory impairment but insensitive to perceptual deficit. Revised norms are presented, based on a sample of 100 brain-injured subjects. Results indicate that use of the subscale reduces the likelihood of overestimating the severity of memory deficit in perceptually impaired patients.
Memory Impairment
Memory disorder
Acquired brain injury
Memory test
Impaired memory
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OBJECTIVE--To develop and evaluate a short (10 item) simple measure of outcome mainly for use with patients with mild to moderate head injuries. DESIGN--Two studies on patients at three and six months after injury, comparing different methods of administration (two raters and postal questionnaire), and comparing ratings with other assessments. SUBJECTS--Forty three patients seen three months after injury and 46 seen six months after injury; both groups had head injuries covering a range of severity from minor to severe. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Differences between ratings in different groups of patients (Mann-Whitney U test); differences in ratings used different methods of administration (Wilcoxon signed rank test); and correlation between ratings from the same patient (Spearman r). RESULTS--The sum total ratings were consistent between raters and between methods (postal questionnaire v face to face interview) with no evidence of selective bias between rates or methods. Ratings on individual items were also reasonably consistent. The sum total rating varied as anticipated between groups divided by clinical judgement of recovery and patient assessment of recovery, and related as expected to the extent of post-concussion symptomatology. The 10 items included covered the most important problem areas reported by patients. CONCLUSION--The Rivermead head injury follow up questionnaire (RHFUQ) is a short, simple, adequately reliable, and valid measure of outcome, across the entire range of severity, but particularly after mild to moderate head injury.
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ABSTRACT The aim is to describe head injury characteristics, assessments, classification and occurrence of head injury symptoms, post head injury symptoms and informational needs among children in the age-group 0-15.9 years and information provided to their families. Participants were 3,168 children (0-15.9 years) with a head injury, who visited an Emergency Department during one year. Of these children, various samples were included in the different articles. The design was a cross-sectional with a follow-up at three months after the incident. Methods were : Review of the documented initial diagnosis, symptoms and management at the hospital and questionnaires (Rivermead postconcussion questionnaire (RPQ), Rivermead head injury follow-up questionnaire (RHFUQ), Karolinska postconcussion questionnaire (KPCQ) and a questionnaire about the perception of given information which included one open-ended item) at three month months post injury. Different statistical methods were used in the analysis of the quantitative items and content analyse was used in for the open-ended question.
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Objective
To investigate the efficacy of BrainHQ visual training in rehabilitating memory function among stroke survivors.
Methods
Sixty stroke patients with memory disorders were recruited from the rehabilitation center of Tangshan Workers′ Hospital. They were randomly assigned to a control group or an intervention group, each of 30. Both groups accepted conventional rehabilitation, while the intervention group was additionally given BrainHQ visual training five times a week for 30 minutes, lasting four weeks. Before and after the treatment, both groups completed the Rivermead behavioral memory test.
Results
After the 4 weeks of treatment, the average scores in recalling full names, recalling hidden items, recalling appointments, recognizing pictures, recognizing faces, recalling a story immediately, delayed story recall, recalling a route promptly, delayed route recall and the average total score in both groups were all significantly higher than before the treatment. The treatment group scored significantly better than the control group except in recalling hidden items, and recognizing faces and pictures.
Conclusion
BrainHQ visual training can improve the memory of stroke survivors.
Key words:
Stroke; Memory disorders; BrainHQ visual training; Rivermead behavioral memory test
Stroke
Memory problems
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Mild traumatic brain injury is associated with persistent cognitive difficulties. However, these symptoms may not be specific to the head injury itself. We sought to evaluate the prevalence of these symptoms in patients following trauma.A prospective analysis of patients who were seen in the outpatient trauma clinic during a 20-month period and completed self-administered Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire was conducted. "Significant" difficulty with cognition was defined by two or more symptoms reported as severe or four or more symptoms reported as moderate. Head injury was defined as head Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) score greater than 0, including the diagnosis of concussion. Multivariable logistic regression was used to test associations between head injury, injury severity, sex, and age with significant cognitive difficulties, loss of work/school, and unmet physical, occupational, or psychological therapy needs.A total of 587 completed questionnaires were matched to trauma registry admissions (382 early, 111 mid, 86 late). The incidence of significant cognitive difficulties was 37% at less than 1 month, 40% at 1 month to 3 months, and 45% of patients at more than 3 months following injury. Head injury was not associated with increased odds for significant cognitive difficulties (adjusted odds ratio, 1.21; 95% confidence interval, 0.82-1.77; p = 0.3) There was no significant difference in symptoms in patients who carried a head injury diagnosis and those who did not.Cognitive problems occur frequently following injury even in the absence of a head injury diagnosis. Either mild traumatic brain injury is grossly underdiagnosed or these symptoms are not specific to postconcussive states and simply are the cognitive sequelae of traumatic injury. The reporting of moderate-to-severe symptoms suggests a need to better understand the effects of trauma on cognitive function and strongly suggests that services for these patients are badly needed to maximize cognitive function and return to preinjury quality of life.Prognostic/epidemiologic study, level II.
Head trauma
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Memory disorder
Memory problems
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The aim of this study was to develop a subjective memory questionnaire for use with elderly people after stroke. A 13-item questionnaire was devised using items identified by 10 stroke patients and taken from existing memory questionnaires. It was tested on 50 elderly stroke patients and 50 elderly control subjects. Validation was carried out using the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test (RBMT) and a significant positive correlation was obtained ( r= 0.71 ; p <0.001). The correlation between the subjective rating for the normal elderly subjects and the RBMT was not significant. It was concluded that the questionnaire is valid for use with elderly people after stroke but not for normal elderly subjects. The reasons for this discrepancy are discussed.
Stroke
Elderly people
Memory problems
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The present study folds two objectives; such as, first objective was to investigate the effects of head injury on memory between the participants with head and without head injury and, second objective was to investigate the effect of head injury on immediate memory and delayed memory among participants with head injury. Total sample of the present study was comprised of fifty participants (Male=25 & Female=25). Participants with head injury were 25 and 25 were the participants without head injury. The age range of participants was between 20-40 years. The participants only with frontal head injury were included. The whole sample was collected from the different hospitals of the Faisalabad and Lahore, Pakistan. After taking brief demographics information of participants the selective scales of Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neurological State (RBANS; Randolph,1998) was administered on the respective sample. Data was scored and statistically analyzed by using SPSS, 12. Findings indicate there was significant difference between participants with head injury and participants without head injury on the scales of immediate memory and delayed memory (t=9.62, p< 0.05; t=11.90, p< 0.05 respectively). Further findings reported that participants with head injury perceived significant difference on the scales of immediate memory and delayed memory (t= 2.37, p < 0.05). Further implications and limitations were discussed.
Demographics
Memory Impairment
Memory problems
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This study aimed to investigate the incidence and nature of memory impairment late after stroke. Out of 193 patients between 12 to 36 months post‐cerebrovascular accident contacted in a postal survey, 113 replied that they had experienced memory impairment following the stroke. Seventy of these patients were assessed on an adapted version of the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test, Warrington's Recognition Memory Test for words and faces, and an everyday memory questionnaire. The Token Test and the Benton Facial Recognition Test were also administered as measures of language and visuoperceptual processing. Thirty‐five of the patients were impaired on one or more of the memory measures. Of these, 16 showed no evidence of dysphasia or visuoperceptual impairment. The 16 cases of selective memory impairment typically had mild to moderate deficits, and only three were impaired across all three tests. The results suggest that memory impairment following stroke does not necessarily involve general memory impairment. The evidence for material‐specific memory deficits was much weaker.
Memory Impairment
Memory disorder
Memory test
Stroke
Impaired memory
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Citations (60)