Finestructure and Function of Vas deferens in a freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium nipponense
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징거미새우의 수정관은 정소의 중앙 후반부에서 기원되어 제 5보각의 기부에 위치한 생식공까지 연결되어 있고 그 형태에 따라 짧고 가느다란 기부, 나선부, 직선상의 말단부 그리고 사정관 4부분으로 구분할 수 있다. 수정관 기부의 내강은 높이가 Keywords:
Cuboidal Cell
Vas deferens
Ejaculatory duct
Columnar Cell
In the epithelium lining the nasopalatine duct of the infant mouse, a transitional zone between the stratified squamous epithelium and the ciliated columnar one can be observed. The epithelium lining the transitional zone shows gradations ranging from the stratified squamous through the stratified cuboidal to the ciliated stratified low-columnar type, and gradually transforms into the stratified squamous epithelium with advancing ages. In the adult mouse, the nasopalatine duct is lined with the stratified squamous epithelium throughout up to the vicinity of the nasal cavity, and changes abruptly into the ciliated columnar epithelium lining the nasal cavity. It is suggested that the epithelium lining the transitional zone is identical with the 'intermediate epithelium' in the mouse nasopharynx and epiglottis.
Stratified squamous epithelium
Transitional epithelium
Columnar Cell
Cuboidal Cell
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Culex pipiens (Cx. pipiens) or common house mosquito is the most widely distributed species worldwide, including Saudi Arabia. The current study examined morphological, histological, and ultrastructural features of midgut epithelium of fourth instar larvae of Cx. pipiens. Findings provide a basis for research on insecticide resistance and mosquito control. The morphological, histological and ultrastructural studies used both light and transmission electron microscopy. Morphologically, the external features of the body of the larva show three main regions, head, thorax and abdomen, with 10 externally visible segments. The digestive tract includes foregut, midgut and hindgut. Histologically, the midgut is lined by a single layer of cuboidal or low columnar epithelial cells associated with intercalated regenerative cells scattered. All cells rest on a thick basement membrane. Ultrastructurally, cuboidal to low columnar cells of the midgut of fourth larval instar shows absorptive cells with apically well-developed striated borders of microvilli and large rounded central nuclei, resting on a thick basement membrane. Thin intercalated regenerative cells are scattered among epithelial cells. The apical cytoplasm epithelial cells display numerous mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, vacuoles and secretory vesicles. A distinct peritrophic membrane is seen that acts as a protective barrier between haemolymph, midgut cells and food contents. The current study concludes that Cx. pipiens fourth instar larva midgut lined by a single layer of broad cuboidal to low columnar epithelial cells with large spherical nuclei, numerous mitochondria, lysosomes and secretory vesicles, and apical regions with well-developed brush borders of microvilli. They rest on a thick basement membrane and associated with isolated regenerative intercalated cells.
Columnar Cell
Cuboidal Cell
Foregut
Hindgut
Hemidesmosome
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The accessory reproductive glands of Melanoplus sanguinipes comprise two bilateral masses of 16 tubules each, distinguishable in sexually mature insects as four white, ten short hyaline, one long hyaline, and a seminal vesicle. Over most of its length, the wall of each tubule consists of a simple glandular epithelium resting on a basal lamina, surrounded by a thin layer of circular muscle. However, near the junction with the ejaculatory duct, the wall of each tubule has a much thickened circular muscle layer and squamous or cuboidal epithelium, the region serving to regulate movement of secretion into the ejaculatory duct. Interdigitation of adjacent epithelial cells is common, and several kinds of specialized junctions occur. In the glandular region, all epithelial cells appear the same and may be flattened, cuboidal, or columnar depending on the tubule type. Except for those of the seminal vesicle, the glandular epithelial cells share ultrastructural features typical of cells engaged in the synthesis of protein for export. Despite these general similarities, in most instances subtle differences occur in the cellular ultrastructure of the epithelia of each tubule and in the appearance of their luminal secretions, suggesting that the tubules are functionally specialized.
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Tubule
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Ejaculatory duct
Spermatophore
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Abstract A total of 45 prepubertal beagles 6 to 8 weeks of age were used to study the cytological changes that accompany regression of the oviductal epithelium. The oviductal epithelium in untreated pups consisted of undifferentiated low cuboidal cells that measured 10.3 ± 2.0 μm in height. In response to estradiol (E 2 ), low cuboidal cells underwent hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and cytodifferentiation and gave rise to columnar ciliated and secretory cells. After 12 days of E 2 treatment the epithelium was fully differentiated and measured 29.4 ± 2.6 μm in height with 56% of the cells possessing cilia. When E 2 treatment was continued for an additional 12 days, the epithelium was maintained in a differentiated state. However, if E 2 treatment was terminated or progesterone (P) given alone or in conjunction with E 2 , the oviductal epithelium regressed and after 6 days was composed of low cuboidal cells that ranged in height from 9 to 14 μm with approximately 25% of the cells possessing cilia. A variety of cytological changes characterized the process of regression. The most immediate signs that regression was underway were a reduction in the height of the epithelium and the presence of cells with shrunken, pleomorphic nuclei that lacked prominent nucleoli. Degenerative events included: (1) pinching off and shedding of the apical cytoplasm of cells comprising the epithelium, (2) extrusion of whole cells and/or nuclei, and (3) resorption of cilia and basal bodies. During the first 6 days following E 2 withdrawal or P treatment, macrophages and cellular debris were frequently present within the lumen of the oviduct. The process of regression did not proceed synchronously throughout the ampulla of the oviduct, nor did all cells appear to degenerate in the same manner. The cytological changes that accompanied oviductal regression following P treatment were identical to those observed following E 2 withdrawal. Results from experiments conducted in the present study show that: (1) E 2 induces the oviductal epithelium to differentiate and is required to maintain the epithelium in a differentiated state, (2) E 2 withdrawal or P treatment causes the oviductal epithelium to regress, (3) at least three distinct degenerative processes are involved in the transition of columnar ciliated and secretory cells into low cuboidal cells, and (4) regression does not occur synchronously throughout the ampulla region of the oviduct.
Cuboidal Cell
Columnar Cell
Basal (medicine)
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Light microscopy reveals that the non-partite lung of the fully aquatic adult newt, Notophthalmus viridescens, possesses four distinct types of epithelium: (1) pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with goblet cells, (2) simple squamous epithelium, (3) simple cuboidal to columnar epithelium, and (4) vascularized epithelium with columnar-shaped cells.The pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium is distributed as a narrow band of tissue which extends nearly the entire length of the elongated lung on the dorsal or ventral aspects in close association with large pulmonary blood vessels. At the margins of this tissue, simple columnar, cuboidal, or squamous epithelium can occasionally be observed. Vascularized epithelium with columnar-shaped cells is the most prevalent of the four epithelia and lines the rest of the lung surface. Structures of particular importance present in these columnar cells are lamellated, osmiophilic, perinuclear bodies resembling cytosomes. Electron microscopy demonstrates that attenuated cytoplasmic projections extend laterally from the apical surfaces of adjacent columnar cells and are attached to one another by desmosomes. Thus, the columnar-shaped cells of the vascularized epithelium in the adult newt appear to be functioning not only as type I cells of mammals in that they form a continuous epithelial lining at the surface of the lung, but also as mammalian type II cells since they possess cytosomes.
Columnar Cell
Cuboidal Cell
Notophthalmus viridescens
Transitional epithelium
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The ultrastructure of the seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct, cirrus sac and cirrus is described. The epithelium of the seminal vesicle consists of a single layer of squamous to cuboidal cells. The apical ends of the cells have thin polymorphic lamellae and long narrow pits, both of which enclose normal spermatozoa. The cells have a moderate amount of GER and Golgi complexes which produce a lucid secretory body. The ejaculatory duct epithelium is composed of cuboidal to columnar cells between or through which project the terminal parts of the ducts of the unicellular prostate glands. The apical surfaces of the epithelia are extended into triangular or filiform projections having thin sinuous lamellae. The cytoplasm contains GER cisternae and Golgi complexes which synthesize a dense ovoid secretion. The cirrus sac and cirrus are covered by a thin modified tegument. The cirrus has many spines and the normal ratio of T1 and T2 type of secretory bodies, whereas the cirrus sac has few spines and the T2 type of secretory body predominates over the T1 type. The significance and possible functions of the structures observed in the three tissues are discussed.
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Cirrus
Cuboidal Cell
Columnar Cell
Secretory Vesicle
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Chronic subcutaneous (s.c.) or single intravenous (i.v.) injections of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) to gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) led to the induction of carcinomas of the nasal cavities in a high incidence. These neoplasms were multifocal in origin, frequently showing mixed cellular patterns of the following cell types: large cuboidal cells, nonciliated columnar cells, ciliated columnar cells, small cells, and squamous epithelial cells. No sensory cells of the olfactory mucosa or neurofibrillar differentiations were found in these neoplasms, although several showed rosette- and pseudorosette-like formations. Dose and route of administration seemed to influence the site of origin and the patterns of cellularity of these tumors. Whereas chronic s.c. injections resulted in carcinomas of the olfactory region, being mostly composed of large cuboidal cells, single i.v. injections led to the development of carcinomas mainly originating from the respiratory-olfactory mucosal junction and composed preferentially of nonciliated and ciliated columnar cells.
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Olfactory mucosa
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Tumors with clinically recognizable mucin production arising from bile duct, "mucin-producing bile duct tumors (MPBTs)," have not been studied yet for their pathologic features and classification in details. The clinical findings of MPBT have a lot of similarities to those of pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm. In the present study, we examined 30 MPBTs and classified them into two distinct morphologic categories: 22 cases of "columnar type" composed of pseudostratified columnar cells with basophilic cytoplasm and columnar nuclei and 8 cases of "cuboidal type" composed of pancreaticobiliary and/or oncocytic pattern. Pancreaticobiliary pattern showed abundantly branched papillae lined by acidophilic cuboidal cells with round nuclei, whereas oncocytic pattern was characterized by intraepithelial lumina and cribriform pattern composed of abundant oxyphilic cells with round nuclei, and these patterns overlapped frequently. There were significant differences in the clinicopathologic findings including macroscopic findings, morphometric data, mucin expression profiles (MUC2 expression in columnar type and MUC6 expression in cuboidal type), and cell proliferative activities between columnar type and cuboidal type. Patients with columnar type showed significantly poorer survival than those with cuboidal type. We concluded that columnar type and cuboidal type of MBPTs belong to different lineage of neoplasm and that they are counterparts of "intestinal type" and "pancreaticobiliary type" of pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm, respectively.
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Columnar Cell
Basophilic
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징거미새우의 수정관은 정소의 중앙 후반부에서 기원되어 제 5보각의 기부에 위치한 생식공까지 연결되어 있고 그 형태에 따라 짧고 가느다란 기부, 나선부, 직선상의 말단부 그리고 사정관 4부분으로 구분할 수 있다. 수정관 기부의 내강은 높이가 $12{\~}28{\mu}m$ 의 SCE가 랴은 기저막으로 둘러싸여 있다. 그리고 일부에 높은 HCE도 관찰된다. 나선부와 말단부의 내강은 배면으로는 $40\~120{\mu}m$ 높이의 높은 HCE가 그리고 복면과 측면에는 $12\~28{\mu}m$ 범위의 SCE로 구성되어 있다. 수정관의 사정관에는 종주근과 환상근으로 이루어진 근세포들로 둘러싸여 있고 2종류의 상피세포는 거의 비슷한 비율로 이루어져 있다. 한편, 기부의 내강에는 성숙정자와 호염기성 기질만 관찰되는 반면, 나선부부터는 SCE주변으로 호 산성 기질이 함께 나타난다. 사정관내에 저장되어 있던 정자덩어리와 정자를 싸고있는 물질이 양쪽의 생식공으로부터 한 쌍의 관형태의 정포로 되어 교미 직후의 암컷의 $2\~4 $ 또는 5번째 보각의 복판에 부착된다. 정포는 그 길이가 $2.7\~4.0mm$ , 폭이 $1.5\~2.7mrn$ 정도의 크기였다. Vas deferens is a long tube and could be divided into four regions as its morphological characters: a short and slender proximal region, a convoluted region, a straight and more thick distal region, and an ejaculatory duct, It is connected with the posterior outer horns of the testis and runs to the gonopores opened on the coxa of the fifth walking legs, The proximal region consists almost entirely of simple cuboidal epithelial cells, $12\~28{\mu}$ m in height, surrounded by a thin basal membrane. A small aggregation of high cuboidal epithelium is obsened from one side of the proximal region. The convoluted and distal region is composed of two kinds of epithelial cells; high cuboidal epithelial cells, $40\~120{\mu}m$ in height located in dorsal portion and simple cuboidal epithelial cells of $12\~28{\mu}$ m in height located in ventral and lateral portion. The ejaculatory duct is surrounded with two kinds of muscle layers, inner longitudinal and outer circular muscle fibers, The lumen is lined with high and simple cuboidal epithelium in almost equal proportions. The proximal region contains mature sperm and basophilic substances. The eosinophilic substances appeared newly going toward the convoluted region and are laid along simple cuboidal epithelial cell layer. Tube-like content (spermatophore) of the vas deferens is ejaculated from a pair of genital pores at mating. Two masses of the content fuse together side by side and are usually deposited on the female thorax between the second and fourth or fifth pereiopods, The spermatophore formed measures $2.7\~4.0$ mm in length and $1.5\~2.7$ mm in width.
Cuboidal Cell
Vas deferens
Ejaculatory duct
Columnar Cell
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The histology and mitotic indices of rat laryngeal epithelia were investigated. Five distinct types of epithelia were found: stratified squamous, squamoid (low squamous), respiratory and two cuboidal forms. Squamous epithelium was present mainly in the cranial portion of the larynx, whereas the respiratory type was mostly located in caudal regions. One type of cuboidal epithelium often formed intermediate zones between squamous and respiratory areas. Another form of cuboidal epithelium lined the ventral pouch, and the vocal folds were covered by a low squamous or squamoid type. The mitotic index for each type of epithelium was calculated using colchicine and was expressed as the percentage of total epithelial cells of that kind in mitosis. Mitotic indices for laryngeal epithelial types were: 5.6% in squamous epithelium; 2.4% in the squamoid epithelium of the vocal folds; 2.2% in the cuboidal epithelium in the ventrolateral region; 1.5% in the cuboidal epithelium of the ventral pouch, and 0.6% in respiratory epithelium, although in isolated ciliated areas in the lower epiglottis it was considerably higher (2.6%). There were no significant differences between rats examined on different occasions.
Cuboidal Cell
Stratified squamous epithelium
Mitotic index
Epiglottis
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