Aquaculture Net Drag Force and Added Mass
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Solidity
Morison equation
Added mass
Wave drag
Drag equation
Results of a free-flight investigation to determine the drag of circular, finite-length cylinders are presented for a Mach number range from about 0.5 to 1.3. Also included are drag results of previous experimental tests of infinite-length cylinders. Drag of circular cylinders at supersonic speeds is largely independent of fineness ratio and Reynolds number; whereas, at subsonic speeds, the drag of finite-length cylinders (fineness rations of about 60 and below) increases as their fineness ratios increase.
Zero-lift drag coefficient
Wave drag
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Solidity
Morison equation
Added mass
Wave drag
Drag equation
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Morison equation
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Five plane net samples of different geometry are selected and the hydrodynamic loads on them in quasi-static (steady current) and oscillating flow (harmonic waves) are measured in a towing tank and a wave basin. The data from the experiments is compared with existing empirical formulae and a numerical model. It is revealed that drag coefficients for nets and cylinders as a function of the Reynolds number have identical trends with steady offsets from each other. It is concluded that the drag coefficient for nets is equivalent to the drag coefficient for cylinders (and spheres for knotted nets) modified by a function of net porosity. A two-factorial experimental design was applied to screen individual and interaction effects of net solidity and steady current velocity. This analysis shows that solidity and velocity have a synergetic effect on drag. The drag component and added mass are extracted from the total wave force by applying a vector approach. It is shown that drag and added mass coefficients could not be expressed by conventional non-dimensional parameters. Based on data analysis, unsteady drag coefficient is suggested as a function of wave particle velocity and net porosity. It is recommended to estimate added mass through an effective thickness, the width of water affected by the net, which is a function of wave frequency and net solidity.
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Added mass
Morison equation
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Accurate measurements of the drag on a sphere falling in a viscous medium were carried out for Reynolds numbers between 0.001 and 10.0. When the fractional deviation (D/Ds) − 1 of the actual drag D from the Stokes drag Ds was plotted as a function of the Reynolds number, significant inconsistencies among the results of measurements previously reported in literature and significant differences between these and our own results were revealed. Our experimental results also deviated from most theories available; however, they were consistent with the theory of Proudman and Pearson for vanishingly small Reynolds numbers and at Reynolds numbers between 0.5 and 10 with Carrier's semiempirical modification of Oseen's theory.
Drag equation
Magnetic Reynolds number
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Report presenting an investigation of the problem of predicting the experimental wave drag for configurations which have discontinuities in area distribution and thus infinite theoretical wave drag. The agreement between the experimental and computed drags of the ring-body combinations without fillets was very poor. Results regarding the drag coefficients and estimation of wave drag and pressure coefficients and estimation of total drag are provided.
Wave drag
Drag equation
Classification of discontinuities
Zero-lift drag coefficient
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An experimental campaign was conducted to determine drag coefficients of circular cylinders in axial flow of water for a wide range of length-to-diameter ratios (L/D) from 2 to 35. Drag force acting on the circular cylinders was acquired at a velocity of 2 to 6 m/s, which corresponds to the Reynolds numbers of 2.2 × 105 to 7.0 × 105. The experimental data were validated by analysis using the commercial CFD code, Star-CCM+. The measured drag coefficients increased monotonically as the L/D increased with the range of Reynolds numbers, and were almost constant regardless of the Reynolds number. The drag coefficient was decomposed by the term of form drag and skin friction. As the value of L/D increased, the drag coefficient increased due to the skin friction drag term. The drag coefficient correlation was proposed as a function of L/D. The predicted values were consistent with both the experimental data and numerical simulation results. Furthermore, this correlation was applied to a fuel assembly with a channel box, it was shown that the drag coefficient can be predicted for a wide range of Reynolds numbers by specifying an appropriate form drag term.
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The variation in the drag coefficient for low-Reynolds-number flow past rings orientated normal to the direction of flow is investigated numerically. An aspect ratio parameter is used for a ring, which describes at its limits a sphere and a circular cylinder. This enables a continuous range of bodies between a sphere and a circular cylinder to be studied.The computed drag coefficients for the flow past rings at the minimum and maximum aspect ratio limits are compared with the measured and computed drag coefficients reported for the sphere and the circular cylinder. Some interesting features of the behaviour of the drag coefficients with variation of Reynolds number and aspect ratio emerge from the study. These include the decrease in the aspect ratio at which the minimum drag coefficient occurs as the Reynolds number is increased, from are provided, which are accurate within approximately 2%.
Drag equation
Zero-lift drag coefficient
Aspect ratio (aeronautics)
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