Isolation and partial characterization of a polysaccharide in ant venom (Pseudomyrmex sp.) that activates the classical complement pathway

Cell walls of most Biotype 1 strains of V. fetus contained galactose and mannose; one type 1 strain had galactose and glucose. Cell walls of most Biotype 2 strains also had galactose and mannose; how-eger, some strains had galactose, glucose and mannose, some galactose alone and some galactose and rhamnose. Cell walls of most Biotype 3 strains had galactose and glucose; a few had galactose, glucose and mannose, or galactose alone. Whole cells of V. fetus contained small amounts of mesodiammopimelic acid (DAP), but meso-DAP could not be detected in purified cell walls.

Rhamnose

Strain (injury)

10.1099/00207713-20-4-407

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Synthesis of orthogonally protected l-glucose, l-mannose, and l-galactose from d-glucose

Tetrahedron (2012)

Yangbing Li Zhaojun Yin Bo Wang Xiangbao Meng Zhongjun Li

10.1016/j.tet.2012.04.001

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Citations (14)

Biosynthesis of the carbohydrate portions of immunoglobulin M

Biochemical Journal (1971)

R. M. E. Parkhouse Fritz Melchers

Incorporations of radioactive mannose, galactose and fucose into MOPC 104E mouse plasma-cell tumour suspensions suggest a stepwise addition of carbohydrate residues to immunoglobulin M (IgM) during the process of secretion. Mannose and glucosamine residues are added at an early stage, whereas galactose and fucose are added just before, or at the time that, IgM leaves the cell. Free light chains secreted in excess by the same tumour cells incubated with mannose, galactose or fucose contained barely detectable amounts of radioactivity.

10.1042/bj1250235

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Citations (67)

The Carbohydrate Nutrition of Tomato Roots

Annals of Botany (1958)

James D. Ferguson H. E. Street S. B. David

The addition of 0.01–0.015 per cent. galactose or 0.005–0.01 per cent, mannose reduces by 50 per cent, the linear growth of excised tomato roots cultured in a I per cent, sucrose medium. An addition of 0.03–0.04 per cent, of either sugar causes not less than a 90 per cent, inhibition of growth. The survival of meriste-matic activity is higher in presence of fully inhibitory concentrations of mannose than of galactose. Roots inhibited by galactose are distinguishable from those inhibited by mannose. The inhibitory effect of concentrations of galactose up to 0.15 per cent, and of mannose up to 0.4 per cent, can be fully antagonized by the simultaneous addition to the culture medium of dextrose. The minimum ratio of dextrose: inhibitory sugar for maximum antagonism of the growth inhibition is with galactose 5: 1 and with mannose 3.5: 1. Growth of roots in a dextrose-containing medium does not protect them from subsequent inhibition by either galactose or mannose. d-xylose has significant activity as an antagonist of mannose inhibition and even more so of galactose inhibition. However, the restoration of growth achievable from the addition of xylose is not comparable with that resulting from the addition of dextrose. The inhibition of growth by xylose is not alleviated by the simultaneous addition of dextrose. Maltose has low activity as an antagonist of galactose and mannose inhibition. All other sugars tested and the sugar alcohols corresponding to galactose and mannose were quite inactive as antagonists of the growth inhibition by these two sugars. Mixtures of partially inhibitory concentrations of galactose and mannose were less inhibitory than their more inhibitory component. The concentration of dextrose required to reverse the inhibitory activity of such mixtures was not greater than the minimum concentration required to antagonize the action of the more inhibitory component. The antagonism of galactose inhibition by dextrose is not due to dextrose impeding galactose uptake.

10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a083630

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Citations (35)

Carbohydrate composition of the second, third and fifth components and factors B and D of human complement

Molecular Immunology (1985)

Milan Tomana Marilyn A. Niemann Cooper Garner John E. Volanakis

Monosaccharide

Molar ratio

N-Acetylglucosamine

10.1016/s0161-5890(85)80004-3

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Citations (51)

A simple resolution of the kinetic anomaly in the exchange of different sugars across the membrane of the human red blood cell

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes (1972)

Y. Eilam Wilfred D. Stein

Tetramer

D-Glucose

Red Cell

10.1016/0005-2736(72)90132-0

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Citations (37)

Production and characterization of exopolysaccharides in mycelial culture ofCordyceps sinensisfungus Cs-HK1 with different carbon sources

Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering (2015)

Xia Chen Jian‐Yong Wu Xiaoting Gui

Monosaccharide

Carbon fibers

Carbon source

10.1016/j.cjche.2015.06.016

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Citations (18)

콩(Glycine max)의 종자 함유 Mannose와 Galactose 함량비에 따른 종내변이

한국환경생태학회지 (2011)

김창호

북위 33˚15``~ 38˚11`` 사이에 위치한 한반도 남부의 19개 지역(포천, 고성, 평창, 강화, 금산, 서천, 진천. 단양, 통영, 산청, 금능, 월성, 울릉, 완도, 나주, 고창, 장수, 제주 및 북제주)에서 수집된 콩의 지역개체군들을 대상으로 종자 내에 함유된 mannose와 galactose의 정량분석을 실시하였다. 각 지역별 mannose의 함량은 최저 6.648㎎/g(금산)에서 최고 12.207㎎/g(고창)의 범위 내에서 다양하게 나타났다. Galactose의 지역별 함량 역시, 최고 16.949㎎/g(북제주)에서 최저 9.967㎎/g(단양)에 이르는 다양한 수치를 보였다. 환경적응과 관련한 생태지표로서 종자의 경실도(硬實度, seed hardness)를 의미하는 mannose/galactose 함량비를 산출한 결과, 지역에 따라 0.63~0.78의 값을 나타내었다. mannose/galactose 함량비와 지리적 기후구분에 대응하여 콩의 19개 지역개체군들은 크게 내륙 I형(월성, 장수, 단양), 해안 I형(고창, 나주, 제주, 고성, 울릉, 북제주, 강화, 서천, 통영), 내륙 Ⅱ형(금산, 포천, 평창) 및 해안 Ⅱ형(완도, 진천) 등 4가지 변이유형으로 구분되었고 이질적인 2개 지역개체군(금릉과 산청)은 유형구분에서 배제하였다. 이러한 형질분화의 요인으로는 육종이나 기타 다양한 인위적 도태압에 크게 의존하는 재배식물에 있어서도 기후요인과 같은 재배지의 특수한 자연환경조건에 대한 보편적인 적응이 지속적으로 이루어진 결과로 해석된다. 따라서 콩 종자에서 나타나는 mannose/galactose 함량비의 다양성 및 기후형에 대응적인 함량비 서열상의 변이유형 분화는 자연도태와 관련한 재배식물의 미진화 현상에 대한 구체적인 증거의 하나로서 종생태학적인 의의가 큰 것으로 판단된다.

Mannose receptor

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