The Effect of Lignite and Comamonas testosteroni on Pentachlorophenol Biodegradation and Soil Ecotoxicity
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Pentachlorophenol
Comamonas testosteroni
Bioaugmentation
Tetrabromobisphenol A
Comamonas
Ecotoxicity
Biotransformation
Bioaugmentation
Microbial consortium
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Biostimulation
Bioaugmentation
Total petroleum hydrocarbon
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Polar biotransformation products have been identified as causative agents for the eventual increase in genotoxicity observed after the bioremediation of PAH-contaminated soils. Their further biodegradation has been described under certain biostimulation conditions; however, the underlying microorganisms and mechanisms remain to be elucidated. 9,10-Anthraquinone (ANTQ), a transformation product from anthracene (ANT), is the most commonly detected oxygenated PAH (oxy-PAH) in contaminated soils. Sand-in-liquid microcosms inoculated with creosote-contaminated soil revealed the existence of a specialized ANTQ degrading community, and
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Exploiting microorganisms for remediation of waste sites is a promising alternative to groundwater pumping and above ground treatment. The objective of in situ bioremediation is to stimulate the growth of indigenous or introduced microorganisms in regions of subsurface contamination, and thus to provide direct contact between microorganisms and the dissolved and sorbed contaminants for biotransformation. Subsurface microorganisms detected at a former manufactured gas plant site contaminated with coal tars mineralized significant amounts of naphthalene (8–43%) and phenanthrene (3–31%) in sediment-water microcosms incubated for 4 weeks under aerobic conditions. Evidence was obtained for naphthalene mineralization (8–13%) in the absence of oxygen in field samples. These data suggest that biodegradation of these compounds is occurring at the site, and the prospects are good for enhancing this biodegradation. Additional batch studies demonstrated that sorption of naphthalene onto aquifer materials reduced the extent and rate of biodegradation, indicating that desorption rate was controlling the biodegradation performance.
Microcosm
Cometabolism
Biotransformation
Groundwater Remediation
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Pentachlorophenol
Bioaugmentation
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Author(s): Wolf, Douglas Carl | Advisor(s): Gan, Jay | Abstract: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of compounds of environmental and public health concern because of their toxicity and environmental ubiquity that will be further exacerbated by increasing anthropogenic pollution. In situ bioremediation is a common cleanup technique for PAH-contaminated soils because it is considered to be cost-effective and environmentally-friendly. However, PAHs are often bound to nonpolar soil domains and become resistant to microbial degradation, the primary PAH removal pathway. This dissertation addresses these limitations by evaluating bioremediation-enhancement technologies such as biosurfactant amendment, bioaugmentation, and phytoremediation to increase PAH bioavailability and/or soil microbial activity. The use of biosurfactants to increase PAH bioavailability has the potential to be an environmental alternative to synthetic surfactants. Therefore, rhamnolipid biosurfactant was compared to Brij-35 surfactant in two soils contaminated with 14C-pyrene that were also bioaugmented with a PAH-degrading microbe, Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1. The effect of the surfactants and bioaugmentation on PAH biodegradation and soil microbial community dynamics was evaluated. The addition of Brij-35 increased 14C-pyrene mineralization in both soils, but the rhamnolipid biosurfactant inhibited PAH degradation in a dose-dependent manner, which was likely due to preferential utilization of the biosurfactant as an easier carbon source by the degrading microorganisms. The bioaugmentation of M. vanbaalenii PYR-1 resulted in efficient 14C-pyrene dissipation. Using 16S rRNA analysis, it was determined that the pyrene biodegradation was associated with changes in the soil microbial communities. The addition of pyrene resulted in a large increase in Bacillus, a genus associated with PAH degradation. However, the addition of rhamnolipid biosurfactant decreased the abundance of Bacillus microorganisms, which was reflected in 14C-pyrene mineralization. These bioremediation-enhancement technologies were further assessed in a phytoremediation setting in PAH-contaminated soil from a shooting range site due to the accumulation of clay target fragments. Bermudagrass and switchgrass enhanced soil enzyme activity and PAH biodegradation. The bioaugmentation of M. vanbaalenii PYR-1 enhanced high-molecular-weight PAH biodegradation. The decrease in PAH concentrations was also reflected in lettuce seed germination toxicity assays. Overall, this research highlights the importance of physical and biological mechanisms in the evaluation and implementation of in situ bioremediation-enhancement technologies for successful PAH remediation of contaminated soils.
Bioaugmentation
Rhamnolipid
Biostimulation
Microbial consortium
Microcosm
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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) represent a group of priority pollutants which are present at high concentration in soils of many industrially contaminated sites. Standards and criteria for the remediation of soils contaminated with PAHs vary widely between countries. Bioremediation has gained preference as a technology for remediation contaminated sites as it is less expensive and more environmental friendly. Bioremediation utilizes microorganisms to degrade PAHs to less toxic compounds. This technology degrades contaminants through natural biodegradation mechanisms or enhanced biodegradation mechanism and can be performed in-situ or ex-situ under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. The purpose of this paper is to highlight potential of using isolated strains from municipal sludge on soil remediation. Several indigenous bacteria from municipal sludge namely genus Micrococus, Sphingomonas , and Corynebacterium demonstrated a high removal rate of PAHs with more than 80% of lower molecular weight of PAHs degraded after one week incubation. Laboratory studies had established that these genus able to degrade PAHs on contaminated soil. The successful application of bacteria to the bioremediation of PAHs contaminated sites requires a deeper understanding of how microbial PAH degradation proceeds. An overview of research focusing on biodegradation of PAHs will be presented.
Bioaugmentation
Human decontamination
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Exploiting microorganisms for remediation of waste sites is a promising alternative to groundwater pumping and above ground treatment. The objective of in situ bioremediation is to stimulate the growth of indigenous or introduced microorganisms in regions of subsurface contamination, and thus to provide direct contact between microorganisms and the dissolved and sorbed contaminants for biotransformation. Subsurface microorganisms detected at a former manufactured gas plant site contaminated with coal tars mineralized significant amounts of naphthalene (8–43%) and phenanthrene (3–31%) in sediment-water microcosms incubated for 4 weeks under aerobic conditions. Evidence was obtained for naphthalene mineralization (8–13%) in the absence of oxygen in field samples. These data suggest that biodegradation of these compounds is occurring at the site, and the prospects are good for enhancing this biodegradation. Additional batch studies demonstrated that sorption of naphthalene onto aquifer materials reduced the extent and rate of biodegradation, indicating that desorption rate was controlling the biodegradation performance.
Microcosm
Cometabolism
Groundwater Remediation
Biotransformation
Bioaugmentation
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PCP has been widely used in a number of industrial applications. As a consequence of its intensive use and due to the stability of its molecule, it has become a progressively widespread contaminant in soil, sediments and landfills. Because classical remediation technologies (incineration, etc.) are generally non-ecological and non-economical, alternative methods involving biodegradation by microbial populations have been developed. The two known pathways of biodegradation (oxidative and reductive), as well as factors affecting PCP degradation by microbial strains, are reviewed here. Also, different suggested bioremediation strategies and those recently developed are outlined.
Pentachlorophenol
Bioaugmentation
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Pentachlorophenol
Comamonas testosteroni
Bioaugmentation
Tetrabromobisphenol A
Comamonas
Ecotoxicity
Biotransformation
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Citations (19)