Photochemistry of Coumarin laser dyes: the role of singlet oxygen in the photo-oxidation of Coumarin 311
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Reactivity
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1. The effect of coumarin and eight coumarin analogues upon radish seed germination was studied. Coumarin itself is a much more effective inhibitor than are the other compounds examined. 2. There appears to be a threshold concentration for normal seedling development in the region of 10-3 M coumarin. 3. Plant metabolites such as octanoate, sucrose, glutathione, and calcium pantothenate do not appear able to reverse the coumarin inhibition of radish-seed germination when present in 10-3 M concentration and in the presence of a similar concentration of coumarin.
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Acceptor
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Methylene
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Proton NMR
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Abstract Ring and ester proton chemical shifts in six series of substituted methyl pyridinecarboxylates have been measured. Results for ring protons ortho and para to the substituent can generally be accounted for by additive substituent, ester and nitrogen effects. Shifts for protons meta to the substituent, when compared with analogous shifts in monosubstituted benzenes, provide evidence of substituent–nitrogen interactions. In particular, a special effect is noted for series where both the proton and substituent are adjacent to the nitrogen. The origin of this effect is discussed. The ester proton results lead to essentially the same conclusions. Although this probe is much less sensitive to substituent effects, the same special effect is evident for the methyl 6‐X‐picolinate series.
Chemical shift
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