Sub-micron grained highly transparent sesquioxide ceramics: synthesis, processing, and properties
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Transparent sesquioxide ceramics, e.g. Y2O3 and Sc2O3 are being developed as alternatives to yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) for high-power solid-state laser systems. In this work, we present the synthesis of these sesquioxide nanopowders by precipitation techniques and the subsequent processing of these nanopowders into sub-micron transparent ceramics using a modifying two-step sintering approach. These transparent ceramics exhibited equivalent transparency to that of analogous single crystals. The microhardness and fracture toughness of the modified two-step sintered ceramic exceeded those of conventionally sintered ceramic by 25% and 70%, respectively.Keywords:
Sesquioxide
Transparent ceramics
Transparent ceramics based on “mixed” sesquioxides, Er:(Y,Sc) 2 O 3 , are fabricated by vacuum sintering at 1750 °C from laser-ablated nanoparticles. They exhibit inhomogeneously broadened spectral bands. A continuous-wave Er:(Y,Sc) 2 O 3 ceramic laser generates 312 mW at 2716 nm.
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Selective laser sintering
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Transparent ceramics
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This paper discusses rare earth doped transparent sesquioxide ceramics with average grain size of 0.3 µm using a two-step sintering approach followed by hot isostatic pressing as well as properties of these ceramics.
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Transparent sesquioxide ceramics, e.g. Y2O3 and Sc2O3 are being developed as alternatives to yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) for high-power solid-state laser systems. In this work, we present the synthesis of these sesquioxide nanopowders by precipitation techniques and the subsequent processing of these nanopowders into sub-micron transparent ceramics using a modifying two-step sintering approach. These transparent ceramics exhibited equivalent transparency to that of analogous single crystals. The microhardness and fracture toughness of the modified two-step sintered ceramic exceeded those of conventionally sintered ceramic by 25% and 70%, respectively.
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Abstract Tm 3+ ‐doped mixed sesquioxide transparent ceramics are attractive candidates for the generation of robust ~2.1 μm lasers. In this paper, laser‐quality Tm:(Lu 0.8 Sc 0.2 ) 2 O 3 mixed sesquioxide ceramics were shaped for the first time by gelcasting of well‐dispersed nanopowders, which were obtained using a modified coprecipitation method. The dispersibility of starting nanopowders was largely improved using alcohol‐water solvent. The rheological properties of slurries were optimized for gelcasting. We also investigated the densification behavior of the gel‐casted green compacts. In contrast to the dry‐pressing route, it was found that gelcasting could yield more homogeneous and transparent ceramics. The optical in‐line transmittance of the ceramic rod 12 mm in length was as high as 80.3% at 2090 nm. Upon pumping the ceramic rod by 796 nm diode laser, a 1.88 W CW laser at 2090 nm was acquired with a slope efficiency of 24.6% (with respect to the input pump power).
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Transparent ceramics
Nanoceramic
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Scandium
Transparent ceramics
Nanocrystalline material
Holmium
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In this review, we present our recent research progress at the Naval Research Laboratory in the development of highly transparent and rugged ceramic window materials such as MgAl2O4 spinel and β-SiC; high-power solid-state laser gain materials based on sesquioxide such as Yb(3+):Y2O3, Yb(3+):Lu2O3, and Ho(3+):Lu2O3; and composite ceramics in the application for high-energy lasers. Various powder synthesis/purification methods and powder post-process techniques necessary to create high-purity powders are described. Ceramic fabrication processes and chemical, morphological, and optical properties of the ceramics developed at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) are highlighted. We also report high-efficiency lasing from a hot-pressed rare-earth sesquioxide single layer and composite ceramics made from coprecipitated powder.
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Sesquioxide
Transparent ceramics
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Ce3+-doped yttrium lanthanum oxide (Y0.9La0.1)2O3 transparent ceramics is fabricated with nanopowders and sintered in H2 atmosphere. The spectral properties of Ce:(Y0.9La0.1)2O3 transparent ceramics are investigated. There appear two characteristic absorption peaks of Ce3+ ions at 230 nm and 400 nm, separately. It is found that Ce3+ ions can efficiently produce emission at 384 nm from (Y0.9La0.1)2O3 transparent ceramic host, while the emission is completely quenched in Re2O3 (Re = Y, Lu, La) host materials.
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