Luminance thresholds for the Bezold-Brücke hue shift
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Hue
Constant (computer programming)
Just-noticeable difference
The hue of induced colour was studied as a function of surround/test field luminance ratio using a chromatic surround and an achromatic central test field. The hue of the test field was determined by means of colour naming methods. Three inducing colours were used: blue (Wr No. 47), green (Wr No. 58), and red (Wr No. 25). The number of subjects was 9–11 in the two experiments. The luminance ratio (ranging from 0.07 to 17.1) was varied by varying the luminance of the test field (Experiment 1) or of the surround (Experiment 2). For the blue surround the results show a hue shift in accordance with the Bezold‐Brücke phenomenon. For the inducing colours green and red the induced colours are weak, and the hue shifts are more or less unsystematic though there are individual subjects showing a trend in the Bezold‐Brücke direction. It is concluded that the hue shifts depend on the luminance relations rather than on the test field luminance.
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Achromatic lens
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Mouse hue and wavelength-specific luminance contrast sensitivity are non-uniform across visual space
Abstract Mammalian visual behaviors, as well as responses in the neural systems thought to underlie these behaviors, are driven by luminance and hue contrast. With tools for measuring activity in cell-type specific populations in the mouse during visual behavior gaining traction, it is important to define the extent of luminance and hue information that is behaviorally-accessible to the mouse. A non-uniform distribution of cone opsins in the mouse potentially complicates both luminance and hue sensitivity: opposing gradients of short (UV-shifted) and middle (blue/green) cone opsins suggest that hue discrimination and wavelength-specific luminance contrast sensitivity may differ depending on retinotopic location. Here we ask if, and how well, mice can discriminate color and wavelength-specific luminance across visuotopic space. We found that mice were able to discriminate hue, and were able to do so more broadly across visuotopic space than expected from the cone-opsin distribution. We also found wavelength-band specific differences in luminance sensitivity.
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Spectral sensitivity
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Abstract The degree to which physiology and culture have affected the formation of primitive color categories continues to be a matter of discussion. In this paper the degree of agreement between the ranges of individual color term foci for the four hue-based color categories yellow, green, blue, and red and individual choices of Munsell samples representing for the observers Hering's four unique hues is investigated. The color term focus range data are extracted from the survey results of the 110 unwritten languages of the World Color Survey, also in terms of the Munsell color order system. Agreement of approximately 90% between the two has been found, indicating the likelihood of a strong color vision system related physiological component in the formation of these four primitive hue categories.
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A chromatic surround can have a strong influence on the perceived hue of a stimulus. We investigated whether chromatic induction has similar effects on the perception of colors that appear pure and unmixed (unique red, green, blue, and yellow) as on other colors. Subjects performed unique hue settings of stimuli in isoluminant surrounds of different chromaticities. Compared with the settings in a neutral gray surround, unique hue settings altered systematically with chromatic surrounds. The amount of induced hue shift depended on the difference between stimulus and surround hues, and was similar for unique hue settings as for settings of nonunique hues. Intraindividual variability in unique hue settings was roughly twice as high as for settings obtained in asymmetric matching experiments, which may reflect the presence of a reference stimulus in the matching task. Variabilities were also larger with chromatic surrounds than with neutral gray surrounds, for both unique hue settings and matching of nonunique hues. The results suggest that the neural representations underlying unique hue percepts are influenced by the same neural processing mechanisms as the percepts of other colors.
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Hue
Constant (computer programming)
Just-noticeable difference
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Nearly a century ago Abney reported that the hue of most wavelengths change when they are mixed with white light. These hue changes, known as the Abney Effect, have been studied extensively because they reveal nonlinearities in how the photoreceptor signals are combined in the neural coding of color, but their potential function has remained obscure. We show that the hue shifts may reflect a novel form of color constancy that compensates color appearance for the limited visible spectrum afforded by the cone receptors. This limit differentially biases the cone responses to stimuli with narrow or broad wavelength spectra, and thus alters the ratio of cone signals as spectral bandwidth increases. Yet for such stimuli, the cone ratios observers choose when matching the hue of narrow and broad stimuli instead remain surprisingly stable. This correction for spectral bandwidth predicts curved hue loci when the same purity change is instead created by dilution with white, because the visual system then makes the “right” response to the “wrong” stimulus. Paradoxically, the failures of hue constancy suggested by the Abney Effect may thus arise from post-receptoral adjustments designed to preserve hue when spectral purity varies in ways expected by the visual system.
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Stimulus (psychology)
Spectral color
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Spectral color
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Purpose: This study was designed to investigate the characteristics and classification of congenital color vision deficiency (CVD) by the SNU computerized color test (SCCT) that was developed to sufficiently utilize the advantages of a computer. Methods: Hardy-Rand-Rittler test (HRR test), Nagel anomaloscope and SCCT were performed on 60 eyes of 30 CVD patients and 30 normal subjects and the results were compared. Results: In normal subjects, the error scores were all zero at all colors by SCCT. By SCCT protan color defectives showed a peak at hue 0 red in 7 eyes (29.2%), at hue 150 green in 3 eyes (12.5%), at hue 180 green in 18 eyes (75%), and at hue 330 red in 2 eyes (8.3%). By SCCT, deutan color defectives showed a peak at hue 0 red in 2 eyes (5.6%), at hue 150 green in 24 eyes (66.7%), at hue 180 green in 2 eyes (5.6%), and at hue 330 red in 23 eyes (63.9%). Conclusions: SCCT showed specific axes in CVD patients, with accuracy and high sensitivity to diagnose and classify CVD patients.
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Color Vision Defects
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Purpose: to study the utility of a program which diagnoses and compensates for color defects on computer monitors according to the severity and type of color vision deficiency (CVD). Methods: Twenty-eight patients with congenital CVD completed Seohan computerized hue test, color compensated Seohan computerized hue test and questionnaire for preference of color compensated images. The relation between results of the Seohan computerized hue test and the degrees of color compensation was investigated. HRR test and Nagel anomaloscope were used for determining the severity and type of CVD. Results: In applying the color compensation program, the total error score (TES) of the Seohan computerized hue test was significantly reduced. In cases of milder color vision defect, the TES of the color compensated Seohan computerized hue test was reduced at lower color compensations, while it was reduced at higher color compensations in cases of more severe color vision defect. In the color compensation of images, patients with milder color vision defects preferred images with lower color compensation and patients with more severe color vision defect preferred images with higher color compensation. Conclusions: The color compensation program for CVD effectively reduced the TES of Seohan computerized hue tests and improved the recognition of colors. This suggests that the program can be helpful to actual life in patients with CVD.
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Color Vision Defects
Color difference
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Perceived shifts in hue that occur with increasing retinal eccentricity were measured by using an asymmetric color matching paradigm for a range of chromatic stimuli. Across nine observers a consistent pattern of hue shift was found; certain hues underwent large perceived shifts in appearance with increasing eccentricity, while for others little or no perceived shift was measured. In separate color naming experiments, red, blue, and yellow unique hues were found to be correlated with those hues that exhibited little or no perceptual shift with retinal eccentricity. Unique green, however, did not exhibit such a strong correlation. Hues that exhibited the largest perceptual shifts in the peripheral retina were found to correlate with intermediate hues that were equally likely to be identified by adjacent color naming mechanisms. However, once again the correlation was found to be weakest for the green mechanism. These data raise the possibility that perceptually unique hues are linked to color signals that represent the most reliable (minimally variant) chromatic information coming from the retina.
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Eccentricity (behavior)
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