Adsorption of cationic polymers on the surfaces of anionic glass microspheres
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Cationic polymerization
Polymer Adsorption
Polyacrylic acid
Polymer Adsorption
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Polymers and polyelectrolytes are routinely used in wet-end papermaking as retention, drainage and formation aids. The way they function is still not fully understood. We will discuss polymer adsorption on fibers and the different mechanism by which polymers induce flocculation, either by themselves or with the help of other components. Factors that determine the extent of polymer and polyelectrolyte adsorption are molecular weight, polydispersity, pH, morphology, charge density and ionic strength. Important fiber properties are microstructure and surface charge density. Factors that promote flocculation are polymer-cofactor associations, polyelectrolyte-microparticulate affinity, molecular weight and polymer/polyelectrolyte configurations. The kinetics of flocculation dictates optimum addition points for retention aids.
Polyelectrolyte adsorption
Dispersity
Polymer Adsorption
Papermaking
Polyacrylamide
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Polyacrylamide
Polymer Adsorption
Suspension
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Three types of biocompatible films were fabricated via electrostatic layer-by-layer (LbL) adsorption of oppositely charged cationic polyurethane and anionic polysaccharides with different primary structures, including sodium hyaluronate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate. The adsorption behaviors of films were investigated by using the cationic dye methylene blue (MB) as a model drug at various pH values and salt concentrations. The relationship between the type of polysaccharide and the adsorption behavior of LbL films was comparatively studied. It was found that the adsorption capacity increased with an increase of the initial concentration of MB in the concentration range of the experiment to all of the films, and the pH of environment ranged from 3.0 to 9.0. The Langmuir equation fit perfectly to the experiment data. In addition, a pseudo second-order adsorption model can well describe the adsorption behaviors of MB for three films. The results showed that the type of side chains and the charge density of the polysaccharides played key roles in the adsorption properties of the PU/polysaccharide multilayer films.
Cationic polymerization
Carboxymethyl cellulose
Methylene blue
Layer by layer
Electrostatic interaction
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Adsorption isotherms of quaternized polyvinylpyridine on the surface of Escherichia coli bacterial cells were performed using a spectrophotometer. Results show that about 1 mg of polymer can adsorb per m2 of bacterial surface. Electrophoretic mobility measurements of the cells for various quantities of adsorbed polymer indicate that the charge of the cells can be inverted by the cationic polyelectrolyte. Combining the adsorption isotherm and the electrophoretic mobility measurements, we argue that the polymer chains are adsorbed in a very flat configuration on the surface and that they form a strongly entangled network with a mesh size which decreases to a molecular size when the quantity of adsorbed polymer increases to the plateau value of the adsorption isotherm.
Cationic polymerization
Polyelectrolyte adsorption
Polymer Adsorption
Surface charge
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Cationic polymers are used in anionic surfactant formulations to deposit and co-deposit actives on hair or skin surfaces. A series of cationic polymers, natural and synthetic, were investigated with surface and bulk techniques, turbidity measurements and in situ null-ellipsometry on silica surfaces in order to understand three key areas: the relation between the complex that is formed at a surface and the concentrated phase in the bulk solution, the relation between molecular adsorption of cationic polymer and/or surfactant and co-deposition of actives like silicone emulsions, and the optimization of the formulation to achieve maximum deposition to drive product performance. Key findings were: (1) under most conditions an adsorbed layer of polymer and/ or surfactant is formed at the surface, but this depends greatly on the phase separation in the bulk, (2) the adsorbed amount and ability to deposit actives follows the variation in bulk phase separation because both events are governed by the cationic polymersurfactant binding isotherm, and (3) the hydrophobicity of the cationic polymer can be used to adjust the range of surfactant concentrations to where a maximum phase separation and adsorption is obtained. This led to a model for the development of a new cationic polymer, polyquaterium-76, which delivers superior wet and dry conditioning. (Less)
Cationic polymerization
Polymer Adsorption
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Polymer-surfactant mixtures are versatile chemical systems because of their ability to form a variety of complexes both in bulk solution and at surfaces. The adsorption and structure of polymer-surfactant complexes at the oil/water interface define their use surface chemistry applications. Previous studies have investigated the interactions between charged polyelectrolytes and surfactants; however, a similar level of insight into the interfacial behavior of nonionic polymers in mixed systems is lacking. The study herein uses vibrational sum frequency (VSF) spectroscopy to elucidate the molecular details of nonionic polyacrylamide (PAM) adsorption to the oil/water interface in the presence of surfactant. The polymer's adsorption and conformational structure at the interface is investigated as it interacts with cationic and anionic surfactants. Where the polymer will not adsorb to the interface on its own in solution, the presence of either cationic or anionic surfactant causes favorable adsorption of the polymer to the oil/water interface. VSF spectra indicate that the cationic surfactant interacts with PAM at the interface through charge-dipole interactions to induce conformational ordering of the polymer backbone. However, conformational ordering of polymer is not induced at the interface when anionic surfactant is present.
Cationic polymerization
Polymer Adsorption
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For low-permeability sandstone reservoir with big channel, we researched the novel deep profile method alternative injection of anionic and cationic polymer. Evaluating various factors on adsorption capacity through lab test, the results show that with the increase of temperature, the adsorption capacity decreases and the cationic polymer is easier to be absorbed. With the increase of salinity, adsorption time or polymer concentration, the adsorption capacity increases. The adsorption equilibrium concentration of cationic polymer is 1500 mg/L; adsorption equilibrium time is 8 h. The adsorption equilibrium concentration of anionic polymer is 1000 mg/L; adsorption equilibrium time is 6 h. Physical simulation experiment shows that alternative injection of anionic and cationic polymer is better than injection of single polymer, and preferential injection of cationic polymer is better than preferential injection of anionic polymer. With the increase of injection rounds, sealing capacity gets better, but in view of cost, the rounds should not be more than 3. The profile control technique can obviously enhanced oil recovery, and water displacement recovery increases 41%. 2 wells were tested successfully in Henan Oilfield in June 2010. Approximate 154.47 tons of incremental oil was obtained with 2% water-cut decrease.
Cationic polymerization
Polymer Adsorption
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Adsorption Behavior of Water Soluble Polymers with Different Ionicities on Ceramic Particle Surfaces
The adsorption behavior of various water soluble polymers with different ionicities on ceramic particle surfaces was investigated in order to control the flocculation from an electrokinetic and rheological point of view. The results are summarized as follows: (1) Various water soluble polymers with different ionicities adsorb on high affinity sites in ceramic particles containing SiO and/or Al (O, OH). The cationic polymer mainly adsorbs on negatively charged SiO sites (adsorbs on Al (O, OH) sites above the isoelectric point of alumina). The anionic polymer adsorbs on positively charged Al (O, OH) sites. And the nonionic polymer adsorbs on Al (O, OH) sites (adsorbs on SiO sites at low pH). (2) In many polymer-powder systems showing both affinity and low yield stress of polymer solution at low pH, the amount of polymer adsorption increases with decreasing pH, and vice versa. There are two systems at high pH which show attraction such as alumino-silicate/cationic polymer or repulsion such as alumina/anionic polymer.
Cationic polymerization
Polymer Adsorption
Particle (ecology)
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Cationic polymerization
Tetrahydrofuran
Molar mass distribution
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