<i>In Situ</i> Observation of Diamagnetic Fluid Flow in High Magnetic Fields
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Abstract:
The effect of high magnetic field on diamagnetic fluid flow has been studied by in-situ optical observation. The Schlieren optics utilizable under high magnetic fields was developed to carry out in-situ observation of the behavior of feeble magnetic fluids. Using a crystal of the diamagnetic aluminum potassium sulfate dodecahydrate, the behavior of the downward flow of high concentration solution in the sample dissolution process was observed. It was found that the direction of diamagnetic fluid flow was changed under spatially varied magnetic field. This phenomenon was understood qualitatively by considering the magnetic force acting on the high concentration solution and the surrounding solution.Keywords:
Diamagnetism
It is commonly believed that a paramagnetic rod will align itself with an impressed magnetic field and that a diamagnetic rod will set its long dimension across the field. The present paper shows that this conception is not generally valid. In a strictly uniform field both paramagnetic and diamagnetic rods will set themselves parallel to the field. In a nonuniform field the orientation of each of these rods will depend upon the particular configuration of the field.
Diamagnetism
Rod
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Abstract There is always a diamagnetic response. In this case, the applied magnetic field induces currents in the electron systems of the atoms with an associated magnetic field that opposes the external field. The induced magnetic moments in a diamagnetic material therefore are in the opposite direction of the applied field, and the diamagnetic susceptibility is negative. The diamagnetic effect is small and essentially independent of temperature and will not be treated here.
Diamagnetism
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An expression is derived for the magnetic susceptibility of an intrinsic semiconductor in a tight-binding basis that is valid for both crystalline and amorphous materials. In addition to diamagnetic intraband terms proportional to the square of the tight-binding radii there are interband terms involving intersite matrix elements. These additional terms are evaluated for a simple two-band model and found to be paramagnetic. It is shown that in an amorphous material these paramagnetic intersite contributions will be reduced, thereby producing a diamagnetic enhancement.
Diamagnetism
Tight binding
Matrix (chemical analysis)
Amorphous semiconductors
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Diamagnetism
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Diamagnetism
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Diamagnetism
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We report magnetic measurements up to 1100 K on a multi-walled carbon nanotube mat sample using a Quantum Design vibrating sample magnetometer. In an ultra-low field (H = -0.02 Oe), we find a very large paramagnetic susceptibility (up to 12.7% of 1/4pi) at 1100 K and a very large diamagnetic susceptibility (at least 8.4% of -1/4pi) at 482 K. A small magnetic field (2.1 Oe) completely suppresses the diamagnetic susceptibility at 482 K and reduces the paramagnetic susceptibility at 1100 K by a factor of over 20. We rule out explanations based on magnetic contaminants, instrument artifacts, and orbital diamagnetism. The magnetic data are inconsistent with any known physical phenomena except for granular superconductivity. The present results suggest the existence of an unknown new physical phenomenon or superconductivity with an ultra-high transition temperature.
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Diamagnetism
Magnetism
Magnetic impurity
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In previous work on diamagnetism the author has brought forward evidence that the magneton may prove to be a constituent of diamagnetic as well as of paramagnetic and ferro-magnetic matter. Certain properties of diamagnetic crystalline media can be interpreted as due to the effects of intense local intermolecular forces which if interpreted magnetically are comparable with the Weiss molecular field in ferro-magnetic substances. This suggests the possibility that in the molecules of diamagnetic substances there may be elements of magnetism arranged in such a way that the molecule is self-compensated, so that experimentally the effect of applying an external magnetic field gives a diamagnetic effect only.
Diamagnetism
Magnetism
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Paramagnetism and diamagnetism of a material characterized by its magnetic susceptibility. When a material is exposed to an external magnetic field, magnetic susceptibility is defined as the ratio of the induced magnetization and the magnetic field. A paramagnetic material has magnetic susceptibility with positive sign. On the other hand, a diamagnetic material has magnetic susceptibility with negative sign. Atomically, paramagnetic materials consist of atoms that has orbital with unpaired electrons. Theoretical study of paramagnetic susceptibility and diamagnetic susceptibility are well described by Pauli paramagnetism and Landau diamagnetism, respectively. Although paramagnetism and diamagnetism are among the simplest magnetic properties of material that are studied in basic physics, theoretical derivations of Pauli paramagnetic and Landau diamagnetic susceptibility require second quantization formalism of quantum mechanics. We aim to discuss the paramagnetic and diamagnetic susceptibilities for simple three-dimensional quantum well using first quantization formalism.
Diamagnetism
Pauli exclusion principle
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