Anomalous magnetism of small metallic clusters in a weak magnetic field
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Diamagnetism
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Magnetic impurity
It is commonly believed that a paramagnetic rod will align itself with an impressed magnetic field and that a diamagnetic rod will set its long dimension across the field. The present paper shows that this conception is not generally valid. In a strictly uniform field both paramagnetic and diamagnetic rods will set themselves parallel to the field. In a nonuniform field the orientation of each of these rods will depend upon the particular configuration of the field.
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An expression is derived for the magnetic susceptibility of an intrinsic semiconductor in a tight-binding basis that is valid for both crystalline and amorphous materials. In addition to diamagnetic intraband terms proportional to the square of the tight-binding radii there are interband terms involving intersite matrix elements. These additional terms are evaluated for a simple two-band model and found to be paramagnetic. It is shown that in an amorphous material these paramagnetic intersite contributions will be reduced, thereby producing a diamagnetic enhancement.
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Tight binding
Matrix (chemical analysis)
Amorphous semiconductors
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We report magnetic measurements up to 1100 K on a multi-walled carbon nanotube mat sample using a Quantum Design vibrating sample magnetometer. In an ultra-low field (H = -0.02 Oe), we find a very large paramagnetic susceptibility (up to 12.7% of 1/4pi) at 1100 K and a very large diamagnetic susceptibility (at least 8.4% of -1/4pi) at 482 K. A small magnetic field (2.1 Oe) completely suppresses the diamagnetic susceptibility at 482 K and reduces the paramagnetic susceptibility at 1100 K by a factor of over 20. We rule out explanations based on magnetic contaminants, instrument artifacts, and orbital diamagnetism. The magnetic data are inconsistent with any known physical phenomena except for granular superconductivity. The present results suggest the existence of an unknown new physical phenomenon or superconductivity with an ultra-high transition temperature.
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Abstract The diamagnetic component of the magnetic susceptibility of As 2 S x glasses is interpreted under the assumption that this material consists of As 2 S x molecules having no magnetic moment in the ground state. The van Vleck formula [6] is applied and the Langevin diamagnetic and van Vleck paramagnetic terms are discussed in details.
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Component (thermodynamics)
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Paramagnetism and diamagnetism of a material characterized by its magnetic susceptibility. When a material is exposed to an external magnetic field, magnetic susceptibility is defined as the ratio of the induced magnetization and the magnetic field. A paramagnetic material has magnetic susceptibility with positive sign. On the other hand, a diamagnetic material has magnetic susceptibility with negative sign. Atomically, paramagnetic materials consist of atoms that has orbital with unpaired electrons. Theoretical study of paramagnetic susceptibility and diamagnetic susceptibility are well described by Pauli paramagnetism and Landau diamagnetism, respectively. Although paramagnetism and diamagnetism are among the simplest magnetic properties of material that are studied in basic physics, theoretical derivations of Pauli paramagnetic and Landau diamagnetic susceptibility require second quantization formalism of quantum mechanics. We aim to discuss the paramagnetic and diamagnetic susceptibilities for simple three-dimensional quantum well using first quantization formalism.
Diamagnetism
Pauli exclusion principle
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