White matter atlases based on diffusion tensor imaging
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Abstract:
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has a unique capability to delineate axonal tracts within the white matter, which has not been possible with previous noninvasive imaging techniques. In the past 10 years, we have witnessed a large increase in the use of DTI-based studies and a score of new anatomical knowledge and image analysis tools have been introduced in recent years. This review will provide an overview of the recent advancements in DTI-based studies and new image analysis tools.DTI provided new dimensions for the characterization of white matter anatomy. This characterization of the white matter can be roughly divided into two categories. First, the white matter can be parcellated into constituent white matter tracts, based on pixel-by-pixel orientation and anisotropy information. Second, the DTI information can be extrapolated to obtain three-dimensional connectivity information. Based on these capabilities of DTI, many new image analysis tools are being developed to investigate the status of the white matter.In the past, the white matter has often been treated as one compartment. With DTI and recently developed analysis tools, we can investigate the status of intra-white matter structures and deepen our understanding of white matter structures and their abnormalities under pathological conditions.Diffusion tensor imaging is currently the best noninvasive technique to assess microstructural changes in white matter pathways, which enables quantitative assessment of brain normal structures, brain development and lesions by calculating the apparent diffusion coefficient, fractional anisotropy, relative anisotropy and parallel diffusivity, etc. In order to improve the study on neonatal brain injuries, the application of diffusion tensor imaging in neonatal fields was reviewed in this paper.
Key words:
Diffusion tensor imaging; Brain development; White matter; Brain injury; Newborn infant
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Objective To study the normal changes in brain white matter during childhood by analyzing the anisotropy of different regions and different age groups with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Methods DTI was performed in 89 children (age range from 2 days to 18 years) without brain abnormalities, and the data measured in fractional anisotropy(FA) maps were analyzed statistically. Children less than 6 months were ranged to group 1, 6-12 months to group 2, 1-3 years to group 3, 3-5 years to group 4, 5-8 years to group 5, 8-12 years to group 6, 12-18 years to group 7. Results (1) There were significant differences in anisotropy (FA values) among different regions of white matter in brain In group 7, the FA value of corpus callosum was 0.826±0.039, middle cerebellar peduncle 0.678±0.043, frontal white matter 0.489±0.033. (2) The anisotropy among different age group was statistically different, P0.05. (3) The anisotropy of white matter increased with the increasing of age, and FA values showed positively exponentially correlations with age. Conclusion DTI shows the structure of white matters in vivo, with which normal changes in brain during childhood can be evaluated.
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To determine whether diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can detect diffuse axonal injury, and to evaluate the association of DTI findings with motor function in patients with traumatic brain injury.Three case studies.An inpatient rehabilitation unit in Korea.Three patients with traumatic brain injury in whom conventional neuroimaging showed normal-appearing white matter.Patients were studied with DTI. Fractional anisotropy (FA) was measured from 3 different anatomic locations on both sides of the corticospinal tract. Motor function was evaluated using the motoricity index.Fractional anisotropy tended to be reduced in normal-appearing corticospinal tracts that were remote from the involved segment. Diffusion tensor imaging showed reduction of FA in areas consistent with motor dysfunction.Fractional anisotropy of the corticospinal tract may be used in the detection of diffuse axonal injury. The association between decreased motoricity index and decreased FA suggests that DTI may be useful in evaluating patients with traumatic brain injury.
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Objective To observe the changes of white matter by using diffusion tensor imaging(DTI) in developmental delay children with normal routine MRI results.Methods Twenty patients(aged 12—36 months) with developmental delay and the twenty cases of monthold matched normal development children were studied by conventional MRI and DTI technology.Fractional anisotropy(FA) and mean diffusivity(MD) values were measured in five regions of deep white matter and four regions of shallow white matter.Comparison were made in FA and MD values of developmental normal and development delay children.Results FA value in shallow white matter of developmental delay children was lower than that of control group(P0.05),MD values in shallow white matter and corpus callosum knee of developmental delay children was higher than that of control group(P0.05).Conclusion DTI may quantify the injuries of white matter microstructure in developmental delay children with normal routine MRI results.
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Background and Aim: Diffusion Tensor Imaging studies provide a valuable information regarding the status of white matter tracts adjacent to the intracranial brain lesions. The quantitative nature of Diffusion Tensor Imaging will play a role in assessing the outcome of clinical trials, as an additional surrogate marker in monitoring the therapeutic response. The aim of our study were to determine the Mean Diffusivity and Fractional Anisotropy coefficients in the affected white matter tracts and thereby to compare the Fractional Anisotropy and Mean Diffusivity of the affected white matter tracts in primary, secondary brain tumours and tumour like lesions.Materials and Methods: From December 2018 to September 2019, 49 patients were included in the study who were referred to the department for conventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. The histopathological diagnosis was obtained and confirmed in patients who have undergone surgical resection.Results: Diffusion Tensor Imaging studies provide a valuable information regarding the status of white matter tracts adjacent to the intra cranial brain lesions. Fractional Anisotropy depends on the orientation and density of white matter fibres and Mean Diffusivity depends on the degree of perilesional edema. Gliomas present with white matter fibre destruction and less vasogenic edema when compared to tumour like lesions, and a higher perilesional Apparent Diffusion Coefficient favours a non-neoplastic etiology. Thus, the Diffusion Tensor Imaging sequences may help in differentiating the brain lesions of different aetiologies.Conclusion: The quantitative nature of Diffusion Tensor Imaging will play a role in assessing the outcome of clinical trials, as an additional surrogate marker in monitoring the therapeutic response. Careful studies to validate Diffusion Tensor Imaging and its metrics will allow it to become more applicable clinically and can affect therapeutic decision-making, choosing appropriate treatment and eventually patient outcome.
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Background and purpose: DTI is one of the most sophisticated and relatively new neuroimaging technique that allows in vivo quantification of water diffusion properties. It can also assess the integrity of white matter microstructure. In our study, we investigated normative data from a large number of healthy participants in three different age groups to examine the developmental trends in diffusion tensor imaging during this white matter maturation period.
Title: A Diffusion tensor imaging study to estimate normative Fractional anisotropy values in different age groups of normal brain white matter.
Materials and Methods: DTI data in 85 healthy subjects in three different age groups were analyzed retrospectively using 1.5 T MRI system. FA values were measured at the corpus callosum, centrum semiovale and pons using fixed ROI technique with a b-value of 1000 s/mm2 and TE = 100 millisecond.
Results: FA values showed regional variation between different white matter regions of the brain namely the corpus callosum, centrum semiovale and pons. The highest and lowest values found varied with each region studied in the brain white matter.
Conclusions: In a normal adult population FA values of the brain white matter showed regional variation. These points should be taken into consideration while interpretation in clinical patients. We demonstrate a relationship between FA and normal ageing which is a key feature to detect early white matter changes. We propose that FA may provide an early means for the detection of age-related change and suggest a need for elaborate data to explore this association with comparison with a diseased population.
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Objective: To use diffusion tensor imaging(diffusion tensor imaging, DTI) technology to investigate the abnormal changes in white matter of ultra-high-risk for psychosis(UHR). Method: 15 cases of UHR and 17 cases of normal controls underwent a DTI scan,tract-based spatial statistics(TBSS) was performed to measure the fractional anisotropy(FA) of the whole brain. Result: FA mean values of the UHR group was lower than that in the control group, the difference was statistically significant(P0.05); there are differences in the two groups of white matter in the left frontal lobe and the left anterior limb of internal capsule. Conclusion: The microstructural of whole-brain white matter was altered in ultra-high-risk for psychosis.
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