Pancreatic and salivary amylase determination using a short-chain chromogenic substrate (α-4-nitrophenyl-maltoheptaoside) and an amylase inhibitor
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Chromogenic
Objective To evaluate the detective efficacy of chromogenic Escherichia coli Agar(HKEA).Methods A new chromogenic medium HKEA prepared by our laboratory was compared with three chromogenic media FKTBX, FKEA and CHEA for detection of E.coli by thirteen reference strains, twelve samples in with E.coli were added, and fifteen samples collected.Results The sensitivity of chromogenic media HKEA, FKTBX, FKEA and CHEA were the same and the sensitivity of HKEA was higher than other three.Conclusion HKEA is as efficacious as other three imported chromogenic media in detection of E.coli.
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Abstract The effects of Bacillus subtilis , porcine pancreatic and Aspergillus oryzae α‐amylases, sweet potato β‐amylase and Bacillus stearothermophilus maltogenic amylase (BStA) on the rheological properties (measured with a Rapid Visco Analyser) of partially damaged wheat starch were studied and the accompanying changes in starch molecular properties were analysed by high‐performance size exclusion chromatography. Pasting and gelation of starch slurries (with an increased level of damaged starch) were significantly affected by the supplemented amylases and greatly depended on the mode of action and properties of the enzymes added. In general, at low endo‐amylase concentrations, peak, hot paste and cold paste viscosities were more reduced for enzyme‐supplemented partially damaged starch than for enzyme‐supplemented native wheat starch, demonstrating the significance of damaged starch levels in determining amylase functionality. Higher dosages of thermostable amylases ruled out most of the differences between amylase‐supplemented native starch and partially damaged starches, except for BStA. Furthermore, the (limited) endo‐action of BStA determines to a great extent the rheological properties of the starch paste. These results contribute to a better understanding of (maltogenic) amylase functionality in processing (damaged) starch‐containing foods. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Aspergillus oryzae
Aspergillus niger
Alpha-amylase
Maize starch
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This critical review is focused on examples reported in the year 2009 dealing with the design of chromogenic and fluorogenic chemosensors or reagents for anions (264 references).
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Results of the different enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) can be easily affected by many factors which include chromogenic substrate system. This paper discussed the influences on chromogenic status by ingredients, contents and reaction conditions of the commonly used TMB substrate reagent solution system, and finally made a general adjustment to the parameters of the chromogenic substrate system, including the pH, substrate ingredients, contents and reaction time. And by using this way the research established a foundation to define a chromogenic substrate system for each different ELISA and to set up a stable ELISA system.
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Using polarized light microscope analytical method,it was found that α-amylase at medium temperature has strong ability to degrade noncrystalline starch.Applying only a little enzymes to noncrystalline starch caused distinct change on the surface of granules.Beginning from the blowout poles of starch granules,starch granules were degraded deeply by α-amylase along the blowout poles to completion.Different duration time,amylase amount and temperature had some effects on α-amylase degradation activity.Degradation can be speeded by higher temperature,and increasing amount of α-amylase had the same effect.Prolonged time could make noncrystalline potato starch degrade,but the change was slow.
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A new chromogenic reagent of asymmetric antipyrinylazoic compound: 2-(4-antipyrinylazo)7-(4-acetylphenylazo)-1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene-3,6-disulfonic acid has been synthesized and conditions of its chromogenic reaction with rare earth ions have been studied.In hydrochloric acid media of pH=2.5,rare earth ions with reagent reacts to form a 1∶4 stable blue complex,the complex has maximum absorption at about 640 nm and the apparent molar absorptivity can reach 1×10~5 L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1).Results of experiments show: the chromogenic agent which are studied can also be used in spectrophotometric analysis of complex sample which contain mixd rare earth.
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Molar absorptivity
Hydrochloric acid
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The new chromogenic reagent,dibromo-p-chloro-sulfosulfonazo,was synthesized,which shows a good color reaction with cerium rare earth metal,and higher selectivity.The method can be applied to the photometric analysis of cerium in rare earth ore.
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A chromogenic and fluorogenic system based on a squaraine dye (SQ ) was used for the highly selective and sensitive detection of the chemical warfare agent sulfur mustard.
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Sulfur mustard
Aqueous medium
Chemical Warfare Agents
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