The enzymes of some elasmobranchs from Bombay
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Pathological observation of toxic effect of melamine on important organs of digestive system of mice
In order to investigate the toxicity of stomach,small intestine and liver caused by melamine,32 KM mice were randomly divided into 4 groups of 8 mice(male∶female=1∶1) in each group.All the mice were administrated orally with different doses(0,175,350,700mg/kg) of melamine(MA),and the clinical response was observed.When the mice died during the experiment,an autopsy was carried out instantly.The pathological changes of stomach,small intestine and liver were observed.Result showed that all the mice in experimental group died within 48h,and diffuse necrosis in mucosa of stomach and small intestine was observed.In liver injury,fatty changes in hepatocytes and diffuse congestion in lobule occurred,with local hemorrhage in some mice.Moreover,many small yellow crystalline solids were observed in the blood vessels of stomach,intestine and liver in 700mg/kg group.Under transmission election microscopy,the cytoplasm was loose and the mitochondria were swelling in the 175mg/kg and 350mg/kg group,while in the 700mg/kg group,the cytoplasm were full with lipid droplet and the mitochondria diffusely shrinked.In conclusion,melamine can induce acute necrosis of stomach and small intestine,liver congestion,fatty degeneration and necrosis.High concentration of melamine can form crystalline solids in the interstitial of stomach,small intestine and liver.
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Cecum
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This paper investigated tissue distribution features of total glucosides of paeony(TGP) in normal rats for providing evidence to predict pharmacologic actions and adverse reaction.Heart,liver,spleen,lung,kidney,stomach,small intestine and large intestine were gotten from normal rats after an oral administration of 2.82 g/kg TGP 1 h,3 h and 6 h.Homogenate all tissues.Make homogenate into freeze-dry powder,the concentration of paeoniflorin(Pae) and albiflorin(Alb) in which was determined with HPLC.The concentration of the two in all tissues was calculated.1 h Pae and Alb could be checked out in all tissues.3 h,except stomach and small intestine,the concentration of Pae and Alb in other tissues arrived the maximum,which was higher in small intestine,stomach,large intestine,kidney,spleen and liver.6 h the concentration of Pae and Alb in small intestine,large intestine and stomach was higher,other tissues lower.All results demonstrated,after oral administration of TGP,the drug was distributed rapidly and widely in tissues.Small intestine,stomach,large intestine and kidney,spleen,liver were the chief distribution tissues and TGP readily accumulated in stomach and intestines,less in other tissues,which provides guidance for further study of the pharmacological actions and mechanism of TGP,and meanwhile provides some scientific evidences for channel entry theory of white peony root.
Paeoniflorin
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Summary1. The effect of 500 r whole body irradiation on organ weights and weights of the contents of the stomach, small intestine and large intestine of the rat was studied. All three components showed loss of weight during the first 3- to 4-day post-irradiation period which was greater than body weight loss. The stomach, small intestine and large intestine showed percentage weight losses of 15.7, 34.4 and 23.6, respectively. Organ weights, except for the stomach, returned nearly to normal on the 4th and 5th day. The significantly greater weight loss in the small intestine was believed to reflect greater sensitivity of this part to ionizing radiation. It was pointed out that these weight changes were not due to dehydration or edema of the tissues or to the lowered food intake alone, but were in a large pad due to specific effects of radiation. 2. The stomach showed the greatest variation in contents after irradiation, with a marked increase occurring during the first 72 hours which was believed to be associated with delayed emptying of the stomach. During this same period the small intestine and large intestine showed slightly reduced contents which became liquid and foul-smelling in character. From the 3rd to 4th days through the 7th day there was a marked increase in contents in all parts above the control range with a change to the normal semi-solid state. It was believed that this change was the reflection of compensatory increased food consumption associated with improved gastrointestinal function.
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The surface pattern of the stomach and the small intestine of the rabbit was examined using SEM in stages ranging from 26 day of foetal to 24 days of post-natal life. The stomach glands were evident in the late foetuses and became gradually deeper after birth. The villi of the small intestine appeared to have a gradual development during foetal and post-natal life, being short and thick with rounded tips during foetal life while becoming long, slender and finger-like with increasing age.
Rabbit (cipher)
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The gastro-intestinal absorption of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDM) and its precursors in guinea-pigs were studied. NDM, dimethylamine (DMA) and nitrate were quite stable in the contents of stomach and small intestine when they were incubated in vitro at 37°C for 60min. Nitrite was stable in the contents of small intestine, but not in those of stomach. DMA and nitrate disappeared from the ligated small intestine, but not from the ligated stomach. Nitrite rapidly disappeared from the ligated stomach, and the rate of disappearance was more rapid than that of decomposition. The disappearance curves of NDM from the ligated stomach and small intestine were monoexponential. NDM rapidly disappeared from the small intestine, and slowly from the stomach.
Dimethylamine
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The authors reported two cases of aberrant pancreas in the stomach. Out of 2, 430 cases who were examined with gastrocamera, two cases of aberrant pancreas in the stomach were found. Case 1 was a 31 year-old male. Case 2 was 41 year-old female. They were diagnosed radiologically and endoscopically as submucosal tumor of the stomach and were gastrectomyzed. The resected specimens were diagnosed histologically as aberrant pancreas. The importance of the radiologic and endoscopic findings of aberrant pancreas in the stomach was discussed.
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Indomethacin in small doses is known to inhibit prostaglandin (PG) production, yet it does not damage the gastrointestinal mucosa. We examined whether a cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor induces gastrointestinal damage in the presence of a low dose of indomethacin and investigated the ulcerogenic mechanism in relation to COX-2 expression. Rats with or without 18-h fasting were administered rofecoxib (a selective COX-2 inhibitor; 10 or 30 mg/kg p.o.) in the absence or presence of indomethacin (3 mg/kg p.o.), and the gastric or intestinal mucosa was examined 8 and 24 h later, respectively. Neither indomethacin nor rofecoxib alone caused damage in the stomach or small intestine. However, indomethacin damaged the small intestine in the presence of rofecoxib, yet the same treatment did not damage the stomach. Indomethacin reduced the mucosal PGE2 content in both tissues, whereas rofecoxib did not. The COX-2 mRNA was up-regulated in the intestine but not the stomach after indomethacin treatment, and the reduced PGE2 content was significantly recovered later only in the small intestine, in a rofecoxib-inhibitable manner. Indomethacin produced hypermotility in the small intestine but not the stomach, whereas rofecoxib had no effect. These results suggest that the PG deficiency caused by a low dose of indomethacin produces hypermotility and COX-2 expression in the small intestine but not the stomach, resulting in damage when COX-2 is inhibited. It is assumed that the hypermotility response is a key event in the expression of COX-2 and thereby important in the development of mucosal damage in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Objective To evaluate the rationale and feasibility of spleen preserving resection of the tumor of the body and tail of the pancreas without infiltration of spleen or major blood vessels. Methods 14 cases of spleen preserving resection of the tumor of the tumor of the body and tail of the pancreas were analyzed retrospectively. Results The complications developed after operation in 3 cases, all symptoms were disengaged or alleviated greatly, media survival time were 46 months. Conclusion The authors came to the conclusion that spleen preserving resection of the tumor of the body and tail of the pancreas brought minimal invasion, less complications, satisfied survival time; it is a choice of therapy for the tumors of the body and tail of the pancreas without infiltration of spleen or major blood vessels.
Infiltration (HVAC)
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