Primary Malignant Histiocytosis of the Brain in a Dog
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Malignant histiocytosis
Histiocytic sarcoma
Multinucleate
Meninges
Infiltration (HVAC)
Histogenesis
Neoplasm
Pulmonary masses were observed in two aged Beagles maintained for a long period without any treatment. In the histopathology in both cases, the poorly demarked masses were composed of neoplastic cells proliferating in a sheet-like fashion within the alveolar lumen. These cells showed moderate to marked pleomorphism and atypia and had abundant eosinophilic to foamy cytoplasm. Phagocytosis and multinucleated giant cells were occasionally observed. Similar lesions with pulmonary infiltrates were not noted in any of the observed tissues in both cases. In the immunohistochemistry, the neoplastic cells were positive for vimentin, lysozyme and alpha-1-antitrypsin, but not for cytokeratin or lymphocytic markers such as CD3 or CD79a. The tumor cells also showed lectin binding affinities such as concanavalin A and ricinus communis agglutinin-1. These findings indicated that these neoplastic cells were derived from a histiocytic lineage. Therefore, we diagnosed them as pulmonary histiocytic sarcomas.
Histiocytic sarcoma
Malignant histiocytosis
Atypia
Pleomorphism (cytology)
Pleural cavity
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Four cases of histiocytic sarcoma in domestic ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) are described in the present study. Tumor samples obtained from the abdominal viscera, including the spleen, were submitted for histologic examination. Microscopically, poorly demarcated masses contained numerous round- to pleomorphic-shaped cells with coarsely vacuolated and eosinophilic cytoplasm. Bizarre, binucleated tumor cells and multinucleated giant tumor cells with low phagocytic activity were commonly observed. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells in all of the cases were positive for vimentin, human leukocyte antigen-DR, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule-1, and lysozyme, but some of them lacked cluster of differentiation (CD)163 or CD208 expression. The survival time after surgical resection was 9 days to 5 months. Histiocytic sarcoma in the ferret is a rare, but highly aggressive, tumor commonly found in the spleen.
Histiocytic sarcoma
Mustela putorius
Malignant histiocytosis
Multinucleate
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A 71-year-old male presenting high fever, pancytopenia, liver dysfunction and jaundice died without a confirmed diagnosis. Microscopically, histiocytes with marked atypia and erythrophagocytosis had infiltrated the spleen, enlarged lymph nodes, liver, and bone marrow. From the above features this case was diagnosed as malignant histiocytosis. The infiltrating histiocytes were classified into three categories: 1) phagocytic cells, 2) atypical, mostly non-phagocytic cells, and 3) bizarre cells including multinucleated giant cells. An immunohistochemical study of histiocyte markers demonstrated that lysozyme was positive in the atypical cells and some phagocytic cells, whereas alpha-l-antitrypsin tended to be localized in the phagocytic cells. Bizarre cells were negative for both markers. No S-100 protein was demonstrated in the neoplastic cells. These immunohistochemical features suggested monocyte-phagocytic origin of the tumor in this case.
Malignant histiocytosis
Multinucleate
CD68
Atypia
Mononuclear phagocyte system
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Malignant histiocytosis
Histiocytic sarcoma
Multinucleate
Meninges
Infiltration (HVAC)
Histogenesis
Neoplasm
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Both reticulohistiocytoma and multicentric reticulohistiocytosis are defined by their shared histopathologic appearance of dermal proliferations of mononuclear histiocytes and multinucleated giant cells with eosinophilic "ground-glass" or "two-toned" cytoplasm. To assess the specificity of the histopathologic findings seen in reticulohistiocytoma and reticulohistiocytosis, this study retrospectively examined 109 random, unscreened excision specimens of ruptured cysts to determine at what frequency "ground-glass" or "two-toned" histiocytes and multinucleated giant cells are seen in reactive cutaneous infiltrates. Slightly more than half (56.9%) of the ruptured cyst cases had "ground-glass" histiocytes. The majority (84%) of the ruptured cyst cases had multinucleated giant cells. The shared histologic findings associated with reticulohistiocytoma and reticulohistiocytosis are much more pervasive than previously documented and are relatively non-specific. Identification of immunohistochemical and/or molecular biomarkers that distinguish reticulohistiocytoma and reticulohistiocytosis from histologic mimickers would likely prove indispensable.
Multinucleate
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CD68
Multinucleate
Infiltration (HVAC)
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Histiocytic sarcoma was diagnosed in a 8.5-month-old SPF inbred DBA/2J mouse on routine heaIth monitoring. Grossly, the tumor was characterized by hepatomegaly with mottled greyish spots, splenomegaly and enlargement of the left testis and epididymis. The neoplastic cells marked by infiltrating the liver, left testis and epididymis, lung, the serosa of kidneys and jejunum. The neoplastie cells exhibited moderate pleomorphism and ranged from fusiform to ovoid in shape, with large nuclei. The cytoplasm was pale staining or composed of moderate amount of light eosinophilic foamy vacuoles. Multinucleated giant cells were rarely seen. The morphological features with immunohistochemical characteristics of the present case were in favor of the diagnosis of histiocytic sarcoma.
Pleomorphism (cytology)
Histiocytic sarcoma
Multinucleate
Malignant histiocytosis
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Report is made of a case of malignant histiocytosis (MH) in which abdominal effusion and recurrent meningeal symptoms due to tumor cell infiltration appeared. The diagnosis of malignant histiocytosis was made by histologic examination of biopsy materials from the right submandibular mass. The specimens from the ascites and the liquor from a lumbar puncture showed three types of cells: normal-appearing histiocytes, large, atypical histiocytic cells and bi-and multinucleated cells. Phagocytosis was observed in the normal-appearing histiocytes and the large atypical cells; similar findings were observed in the specimens from marrow. The autopsy findings showed a systemic, diffuse, nontumorous proliferation of morphologically atypical histiocytes. Although ascites or meningeal symptoms caused by infiltration of neoplastic histiocytes are extremely rare, the possibility of MH should be considered in diagnosing conditions such as observed in this case.
Malignant histiocytosis
Infiltration (HVAC)
Multinucleate
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A second histiocytic proliferative disorder, which resembled malignant histiocytosis of man, was identified in 13 Bernese mountain dogs. Malignant histiocytosis was clearly distinct from systemic histiocytosis, which was reported earlier in this breed. Eleven cases involved male dogs. Ten dogs occurred in the same family line as the dogs afflicted with systemic histiocytosis. Clinical or radiological evidence of pulmonary involvement was present in nine dogs. Neurological disturbances were present in five dogs. Anemia was observed in five dogs and was associated with prominent erythrophagocytosis in two instances. The clinical course was rapidly progressive. Necropsy examinations revealed that infiltrates were especially frequent in the lungs and hilar lymph nodes. Other lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and central nervous system were also frequently involved. Evidence for primary pulmonary involvement was present in seven dogs. The original diagnosis in seven cases was large cell anaplastic carcinoma of the lung by light microscopy only. The infiltrates were composed of large, pleomorphic, phagocytic mononuclear cells and multinucleated giant cells which also manifested marked cytological atypia and numerous, frequently bizarre, mitotic figures. Ultrastructural studies and the immunohistochemical demonstration of lysozyme and alpha 1-antitrypsin in the tumor cells in the majority of cases were consistent with a macrophage origin.
Malignant histiocytosis
Histiocytic sarcoma
Atypia
Anaplastic carcinoma
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