A model for removing the increased recall of recent events from the temporal distribution of autobiographical memory
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Autobiographical Memory
Reminiscence
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Autobiographical Memory
Reminiscence
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Aims and objectives (i) To explore how reminiscence workers in older people's care define their work and (ii) to describe the development of a historical reminiscence tool containing historical developments from the older person's passage through life, intended to support reminiscence work. Background Reminiscence work refers to the recall of past occurrences in a client's life with the intention of enhancing well‐being, social skills and self‐image. Design The design of the historical reminiscence tool was informed by the model of intervention design developed by van Meijel et al . starting with problem definition followed by the accumulation of building blocks for the intervention, the design of the intervention and, lastly, a validation of the intervention. Method Two studies were designed to develop the historical reminiscence tool. Study 1 was a focus group interview, conducted in 2008, aimed at generating knowledge about current practice and to develop the historical reminiscence tool. Eighteen women who identified themselves as reminiscence workers participated in three focus groups. Study 2 was a telephone survey, conducted in 2012 by the first author, serving the purpose of validation. The results provided information about the use of such a historical reminiscence tool. Results Participants understood reminiscence work primarily as meaningful activity, working with personal experience and honouring the individual's memories and life story. The historical reminiscence tool containing information about important historical events and everyday life in the period 1925–1955 was welcomed by the participants. They provided numerous suggestions for improvement of the draft. Conclusion Reminiscence work in Iceland is of the social or meaningful activity type rather than a therapy. A historical reminiscence tool containing pertinent historical information was considered helpful in strengthening reminiscence workers' knowledge of the social and historical background of their clients and person‐centred care. Implication for practice Reminiscence tools, such as books or electronic sources containing historical information pertaining to aging individuals, can enhance the care of older people.
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Autobiographical Memory
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If high visual imagery is a component of successful autobiographical recall for personal episodes, then those participants who have high imagery should have greater autobiographical recall for personal episodes. This hypothesis was tested by giving 30 selected participants, 15 who had high and 15 low visual imagery, 90 sec. to recall personal episodic information from three time periods in their lives. Also assessed were the effects of visual imagery on autobiographical recall for personal semantic and nonpersonal semantic information (vegetables and adjectives). Level of visual imagery was significantly related only for the group with lower visual imagery, who recalled more adjectives. The implications of the results for the semantic and episodic memory distinction within autobiographical memory were discussed.
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This article includes background information on the use of reminiscence in a geriatric setting. Practical suggestions are given on how to successfully use reminiscence and music as valuable therapeutic tools with both groups and individual geriatric clients. Personal reminiscence examples are included.
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Selective retrieval can both impair and enhance memory. In this study we analysed the effects of retrieval practice in the recall of past and future experiences. The participants generated past autobiographical experiences or imagined future experiences using recall cues of typical autobiographical experiences obtained in a previous study. The experiences were presented either in chronological or random order. Regardless of presentation order, retrieval practice produced facilitation in the free recall of practised past and future experiences. No retrieval-induced forgetting was observed for past experiences in the ordered presentation, showing that the temporal organisation of autobiographical experiences prevents the activation of inhibitory processes. Conversely, inhibition was significant in the free recall of future experiences presented in chronological order, possibly because future experiences present less welldefined temporal organisation, impairing the integration that suppresses inhibitory processes. Thus, retrieval-induced forgetting was evident in the random presentation of past and future autobiographical experiences.
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We examined associations between personal and so- cial aspects of reminiscence in the past and present, and both oral and silent reminiscence frequency. Participants were 50 community- dwelling older adults who completed self-administered question- naires. Raving currelit opportuniiies to reminisce was sign'ificantly associated with oral and with silent reminiscence: early life exvosure to reminiscing was significantly correlated with totai reminiscence frequency. Data for other aspects of social interaction surrounding reminiscence, types of reminiscence, and gender effects are also dis- cussed. Results suggest that researchers and practitioners should consider features of social interaction before initiating reminiscence research and therapy.
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